Lecture 3 Part 2

A common bacterial skin infection, often seen in young children, presenting with sticky, honey-colored crusts and typically affecting the face.

A type of impetigo characterized by large blisters, often caused by Staphylococcus aureus strains producing exfoliative toxins.

A toxin produced by certain bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus, causing breakdown of cell-to-cell adhesion in the skin's upper layer.

A protein found in desmosomes, which are structures responsible for holding skin cells together.

Flat, sharply bordered brown skin patches, often present at birth or developing in early childhood.

A genetic condition characterized by excessive growth of nerve tissue, often accompanied by café-au-lait macules and other skin lesions.

The presence of five or more café-au-lait macules greater than 5 millimeters in diameter.

When the presence of café-au-lait macules raises concerns about neurofibromatosis, a thorough evaluation should be conducted.

A white, flat, oval-shaped mark on the skin, usually measuring 1-3 cm in diameter. They are often present at birth but may develop within the first two years of life.

A rare skin condition characterized by the presence of multiple ash leaf macules, seizures, and developmental delays.

A common benign tumor of blood vessels that often grows rapidly in infancy before slowly shrinking until it disappears. They can occur on the skin, mucous membranes, and internal organs.

Bright red, raised bumps on the skin with a pebbly surface. They grow rapidly for a year and then gradually shrink and disappear.

A type of hemangioma that is usually bluish in color and can be difficult to distinguish from surrounding skin. They are located deeper in the skin.

A hemangioma that has both a superficial and deep component, appearing as a combination of raised red bumps and a bluish base.

A type of superficial hemangioma that is flat and slightly raised, often covering a large area. They are frequently linked to other birth defects.

The process of a hemangioma becoming ulcerated, commonly occurring due to rapid growth.

A benign, vascular tumor that usually fades with time, but can cause problems if located near vital structures.

A common treatment for hemangiomas that can accelerate their disappearance.

Inflammation and potential infection of superficial hemangiomas, often causing pain.

A rare disease characterized by an abnormal proliferation of mast cells.

The most common form of cutaneous mastocytosis, featuring multiple brown-yellow papules that often exhibit Darier's sign.

The hallmark of mastocytosis, where rubbing a papule causes a red hive-like reaction.

A genetic mutation in the KIT gene that leads to the uncontrolled growth and survival of mast cells.

A rare, systemic form of mastocytosis where mast cells invade multiple organs, potentially leading to associated conditions.

A gene encoding the KIT protein, a tyrosine kinase receptor, implicated in the abnormal proliferation of mast cells in mastocytosis.

A type of histiocytosis that typically affects infants and presents with skin lesions, enlarged organs, and systemic involvement.

A type of histiocytosis that presents with diabetes insipidus, exophthalmos, and bone lesions.

A type of histiocytosis that presents as a single, localized bone lesion.

A type of histiocytosis that affects newborns and presents with widespread skin papules and nodules that heal spontaneously.

Specialized cells within the immune system that act as antigen-presenting cells, normally found in the skin.