30 Questions
What is the characteristic appearance of impetigo lesions after vesicle rupture?
Honey-colored crust with erythematous margins
Which area of the body is impetigo most commonly found on?
Face
What is a common symptom of gastrointestinal illness caused by S. aureus toxins?
Projectile vomiting
How soon after ingestion do acute symptoms of S. aureus toxin-contaminated food appear?
6 hours
What type of infection is impetigo classified as?
Localized infection
What type of food is NOT exempt from causing gastrointestinal illness due to S. aureus toxins?
Salted nuts
What is the primary role of the small peptide described in the text?
Interacting with cell membranes and forming channels
Which toxin is composed of proteins designated as S and F and causes pore formation in cellular membranes?
γ-hemolysin
What is the main outcome of red blood cells being lysed by hemolysins?
Disruption of cell membranes
Which type of cell is damaged by leukocidins, as described in the text?
Neutrophils and macrophages
What role does the heterogeneous protein described in the text play in damaging eukaryotic cells?
Forming pores on cell membranes for cation passage
How do leukodins affect cells according to the text?
Causing degranulation and lysis
What is a key characteristic that differentiates Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus?
Biofilm formation
In which condition does Staphylococcus saprophyticus significantly contribute to causing infections?
Urinary tract infections
What makes Staphylococcus saprophyticus unique among the Staphylococcal species discussed?
Presence in the female genitourinary tract
Which characteristic makes Staphylococcus epidermidis an opportunistic pathogen?
Less virulence compared to S.aureus
Which medical devices are commonly associated with Staphylococcus epidermidis-related nosocomial infections?
Intravenous catheters and implanted defibrillators
What role does urease play in the pathogenesis of Staphylococcus saprophyticus-induced UTIs?
Alters the pH of urine to alkaline conditions
Which symptom is common in infant botulism?
Difficulty in speech
What is a possible source of C. botulinum spores causing infant botulism?
Honey
What is a symptom commonly seen in cases of wound botulism?
Paralysis
Which age group is primarily affected by infant botulism?
Infants between 3 weeks and 8 months
What kind of product can potentially contain C. botulinum spores leading to infant botulism?
Honey
What has wound botulism been increasingly reported in recent years due to?
Injecting drug use
What is the purpose of performing the Schick test?
To determine susceptibility or immunity against diphtheria
Why should the Schick test be performed before antitoxin therapy?
To avoid allergic reactions to the horse origin antitoxin therapy
What reaction is monitored up to the 6th day after the Schick test?
Erythema, induration, or necrosis
What happens if an individual is found to be susceptible to diphtheria in the Schick test?
They should be vaccinated
What is the role of antitoxin therapy in conjunction with antibiotic therapy for diphtheria?
To neutralize toxins produced by the bacteria
Why should individuals hypersensitive to diphtheria toxin be vaccinated with caution?
To prevent severe allergic reactions
Learn about impetigo, a skin infection not confined to follicles, characterized by bubble-like epidermal sweeping that can break and peel away. It commonly affects exposed areas like the face and may spread through autoinoculation. Get insights into the honey-colored crust and other symptoms of impetigo.
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