Impetigo Overview

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What is the characteristic appearance of impetigo lesions after vesicle rupture?

White crust with pale margins

Green crust with purplish margins

Honey-colored crust with erythematous margins (correct)

Black crust with swollen margins

Which area of the body is impetigo most commonly found on?

Legs

Back

Face (correct)

Arms

What is a common symptom of gastrointestinal illness caused by S. aureus toxins?

Joint pain

Projectile vomiting (correct)

Fever

Nosebleeds

How soon after ingestion do acute symptoms of S. aureus toxin-contaminated food appear?

6 hours (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of infection is impetigo classified as?

Localized infection (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of food is NOT exempt from causing gastrointestinal illness due to S. aureus toxins?

Salted nuts (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the small peptide described in the text?

Interacting with cell membranes and forming channels (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which toxin is composed of proteins designated as S and F and causes pore formation in cellular membranes?

γ-hemolysin (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main outcome of red blood cells being lysed by hemolysins?

Disruption of cell membranes (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell is damaged by leukocidins, as described in the text?

Neutrophils and macrophages (B) Signup and view all the answers

What role does the heterogeneous protein described in the text play in damaging eukaryotic cells?

Forming pores on cell membranes for cation passage (B) Signup and view all the answers

How do leukodins affect cells according to the text?

Causing degranulation and lysis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic that differentiates Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus?

Biofilm formation (D) Signup and view all the answers

In which condition does Staphylococcus saprophyticus significantly contribute to causing infections?

Urinary tract infections (C) Signup and view all the answers

What makes Staphylococcus saprophyticus unique among the Staphylococcal species discussed?

Presence in the female genitourinary tract (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic makes Staphylococcus epidermidis an opportunistic pathogen?

Less virulence compared to S.aureus (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which medical devices are commonly associated with Staphylococcus epidermidis-related nosocomial infections?

Intravenous catheters and implanted defibrillators (B) Signup and view all the answers

What role does urease play in the pathogenesis of Staphylococcus saprophyticus-induced UTIs?

Alters the pH of urine to alkaline conditions (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is common in infant botulism?

Difficulty in speech (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible source of C. botulinum spores causing infant botulism?

Honey (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a symptom commonly seen in cases of wound botulism?

Paralysis (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which age group is primarily affected by infant botulism?

Infants between 3 weeks and 8 months (D) Signup and view all the answers

What kind of product can potentially contain C. botulinum spores leading to infant botulism?

Honey (B) Signup and view all the answers

What has wound botulism been increasingly reported in recent years due to?

Injecting drug use (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of performing the Schick test?

To determine susceptibility or immunity against diphtheria (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why should the Schick test be performed before antitoxin therapy?

To avoid allergic reactions to the horse origin antitoxin therapy (C) Signup and view all the answers

What reaction is monitored up to the 6th day after the Schick test?

Erythema, induration, or necrosis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens if an individual is found to be susceptible to diphtheria in the Schick test?

They should be vaccinated (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of antitoxin therapy in conjunction with antibiotic therapy for diphtheria?

To neutralize toxins produced by the bacteria (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why should individuals hypersensitive to diphtheria toxin be vaccinated with caution?

To prevent severe allergic reactions (B) Signup and view all the answers