Skin Care Products Fundamentals Flashcards

Questions and Answers

Which ingredients do the actual work of cleansing, normalizing, moisturizing, or otherwise treating the skin?

performance

The final product differentiation is dependent on the _____________________.

skin type

Product ingredients are derived from a variety of sources, including herbs, essential oils, plants and _________________________ performance ingredients.

synthetic

Estheticians must have a thorough understanding of the skin care products they sell in order to provide clients with the appropriate treatments, stay current with new developments in cosmetic chemistry, and avoid _____________________________.

problems or reactions to products Signup and view all the answers

_____________________ produced ingredients can be just as effective and may have certain advantages over ingredients derived from nature, such as no use of pesticides or not leaving an ecological footprint.

Synthetically Signup and view all the answers

The FDA does NOT require approval of cosmetics before their manufacture and sale.

True Signup and view all the answers

How should ingredients be listed?

In descending order of predominance, starting with the ingredient having the highest concentration and ending with the ingredient having the lowest concentration. Signup and view all the answers

Should a product be used if there is any reaction within 24 hours?

False Signup and view all the answers

Products stored in containers and in ___ temperatures will last longer.

dark; cooler Signup and view all the answers

_________________________ are products intended to improve the skin's health and appearance.

Cosmeceuticals Signup and view all the answers

The FDA regulates cosmetics in the areas of safety, labeling, and the ___________________________.

claims made for a product Signup and view all the answers

FDA regulations for cosmetic labeling state that cosmetic companies must list the company's name, location or distribution point, as well as the _______________________________.

ingredients in the product Signup and view all the answers

What are the most common allergens in skin care products?

fragrances and some preservatives Signup and view all the answers

Natural

Derived from natural sources. Signup and view all the answers

Organic

Natural-sourced ingredients that are grown without the use of pesticides or chemicals. Signup and view all the answers

Cruelty-free

Products not tested on animals at any stage of the production process. Signup and view all the answers

Vegan

Does not contain any animal ingredients or animal by-products. Signup and view all the answers

Gluten-free

Products containing less than 20 parts per million of the proteins found in wheat and rye. Signup and view all the answers

Hypoallergenic

Less likely to cause allergic reactions. Signup and view all the answers

Noncomedogenic

Does not clog pores. Signup and view all the answers

Comedogenic

Forms blackheads. Signup and view all the answers

Fragrance-free

No ingredients added to provide a fragrance. Signup and view all the answers

Unscented

Formulated to have no smell. Signup and view all the answers

Cosmetics

Articles that are intended to be rubbed, poured, sprinkled or otherwise applied to the human body or any part thereof for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, or altering the appearance. Signup and view all the answers

Drugs

Products (other than food) intended to affect the structures and/or functions of the body of humans or other animals. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two ingredients in the cosmetic industry that have a role in the finished product?

Functional and performance Signup and view all the answers

Functional

Allow products to spread, and give them body and texture in a specific form such as a lotion, cream or gel. Signup and view all the answers

Performance

Cause the actual changes in the appearance of the skin. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the most frequently used cosmetic ingredients?

Water Signup and view all the answers

Emollients

"Fatty" materials (derived from oils or fats) used to lubricate and moisturize the skin. Signup and view all the answers

Silicones

A group of oils that are chemically combined with silicone and oxygen, and leave a noncomedogenic protective film on the surface of the skin. Signup and view all the answers

Surfactants

Reduce the surface tension between the skin and the product, and increase the spreadability of cosmetic products. Signup and view all the answers

What are emulsifiers included in surfactants?

Detergents Signup and view all the answers

Anhydrous products

Oil-based serums, petrolatum-based, and silicone-serum based products designed for dry skin. Signup and view all the answers

Carbomers

Used to thicken creams and are frequently used in gel products. Signup and view all the answers

Preservatives

Used to keep bacteria from living in a product. Signup and view all the answers

Lakes

Insoluble pigments made by combining a dye with an inorganic material and are commonly used in colorful cosmetics. Signup and view all the answers

Fragrances

Come from plant, animal, or synthetic sources, but plant oils are especially popular. Signup and view all the answers

Vitamin K

Essential in aiding the body's process of blood clotting, which helps the body heal wounds and bruises. Signup and view all the answers

What are AHAs and BHAs?

Naturally occurring mild acids used as chemical exfoliants. Signup and view all the answers

Papain

Derived from papaya and used as an enzyme peel. Signup and view all the answers

Humectants, Hydrators, Hydrophilic agents

Attract water to the skin's surface and lock water on the skin, reducing dehydration. Signup and view all the answers

Mechanical Exfoliants

Cleansers, scrubs, and masks made with ingredients such as rice bran, almond meal, jojoba beads, or magnesium crystals. Signup and view all the answers

Enzymes

Provides gentle exfoliation and dissolves keratin proteins within dead skin cells on the surface to make skin softer and smoother, and to help maintain the hydration level of the epidermis. Signup and view all the answers

Detergents

Main type of surfactant used in skin-cleansing products. Signup and view all the answers

Noncertified colores

Color agent not subject to FDA batch certification. Signup and view all the answers

Titanium Dioxide

Inorganic sunscreen that reflects UVA and UVB. Signup and view all the answers

Mineral Oil

Lubricant derived from petroleum. Signup and view all the answers

_______________________ act as vehicles (for spreading) in some products, including makeup foundation.

Silicones Signup and view all the answers

Lubricants

Coat the skin and reduce friction. Signup and view all the answers

Hydrogen

Turns fatty acid into fatty alcohol. Signup and view all the answers

Lipids

Ingredient used to improve the hydration, plumpness, and smoothness of the skin. Signup and view all the answers

PH adjustors

Sodium hydroxide and citric acid Signup and view all the answers

Glycoproteins

Enhance moisture content, immune response, and cellular metabolism, which boosts cellular oxygen uptake. Derived from yeast. Signup and view all the answers

Zinc oxide

Protects the skin from UVA radiation. Signup and view all the answers

Coenzyme Q10

Powerful antioxidant that protects and revitalizes skin cells. Signup and view all the answers

Alpha lipoic acids are found in _______________________.

every cell Signup and view all the answers

Delivery system

Chemical systems that deliver ingredients to specific areas of the epidermis. Signup and view all the answers

Polymers

Chemical compounds formed by a number of small molecules. Signup and view all the answers

Plant stem cells

Derived from plants to protect or stimulate our own skin stem cells. Signup and view all the answers

Polyglucans

Used to enhance the skin's defense mechanism and stimulate cell metabolism. Signup and view all the answers

Liposomes

Closed lipid bilayer spheres that encapsulate ingredients, target their delivery to specific areas of the skin and control their release. Signup and view all the answers

Vehicles

Spreading agents and carrying bases that carry or deliver other ingredients into the skin and make them more effective. Signup and view all the answers

Benzoyl Peroxide

Very drying and primarily used for treating acne. Signup and view all the answers

Licorice

Anti-inflammatory. Signup and view all the answers

Green tea

Potent antioxidant with many antiaging benefits, brightens, enhances photoprotection, is an anti-inflammatory, soothes, is antibacterial, and reduces swelling. Signup and view all the answers

Aromatherapy

Ancient healing practice that uses essential oils and aromas from plants to treat the body, mind, and spirit. Signup and view all the answers

What is the olfactory system?

System that gives us our sense of smell. Signup and view all the answers

Cleansing cream

Water-in-oil emulsion used primarily to dissolve makeup and dirt. Signup and view all the answers

Nonsetting

Masks that are designed to stay moist and more hydrating. Signup and view all the answers

Setting

Masks that harden and contain ingredients, which dry and provide a complete barrier on top of the skin. Signup and view all the answers

Alginate

Masks that form a seal that encourages the skin's absorption of the serum or cream underneath. Signup and view all the answers

Modelage

Thermal masks that contain crystals of gypsum, and reach approximately 105 degrees Fahrenheit. Signup and view all the answers

Paraffin

Wax masks that are used to warm the skin and promote penetration of ingredients deeper into the skin through the heat trapped. Signup and view all the answers

Clay

Masks that draw impurities to the surface of the skin as the masks dry and tighten. Signup and view all the answers

Astringent

Toners formulated for oily or acne-prone skin, may also contain hydroxy acids and various amounts of alcohols. Signup and view all the answers

Cleansing gels

Water-based foaming cleansers, generally most popular and can be formulated for all skin types. Signup and view all the answers

Fresheners

Alcohol-free toners containing botanicals and hydrators to soothe the skin. Signup and view all the answers

Ampoules

Small, sealed vials containing a single premeasured application. Signup and view all the answers

Eye creams

Lighter in consistency and may include shea butter, silicones, or plant oils. Signup and view all the answers

Treatment creams are also known as ________________________.

nourishing creams Signup and view all the answers

What does SPF (sun protection factor) measure?

A measure of time, determining how long a sunscreen product will protect you from UVB rays, the chief cause of sunburn. Signup and view all the answers

How often should a person use a granular scrub?

1-2 times a week Signup and view all the answers

What skincare ingredient reduces oil gland activity and dissolves the skin's dry, dead cells?

Sulfur Signup and view all the answers

Give two examples of high-tech delivery systems.

Vehicles, liposomes Signup and view all the answers

What are liposomes?

Closed lipid bilayer spheres that encapsulate ingredients, target their delivery to specific tissues of the skin, and control their release. Signup and view all the answers

What are glycoproteins?

Skin-conditioning agents derived from carbohydrates and proteins that enhance cellular metabolism and wound healing. Signup and view all the answers

What almost always ends in -ate?

Esters - The combination of fatty acids and fatty alcohols. Signup and view all the answers

What is the cosmetic act of 1939?

Cosmetics are distinguished from drugs. Signup and view all the answers

What do mint, cucumber, and witch hazel all have in common?

Antiseptic Signup and view all the answers

What is the most commonly used cosmetic ingredient?

Water Signup and view all the answers

What type of skin benefits the most from fatty acids?

Dry Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for modelage masks? What do they contain?

Thermal mask - gypsum Signup and view all the answers

What type of products are more concentrated when compared to drugstore products?

Professional grade Signup and view all the answers

What is phytotherapy?

Using plant extracts for therapeutic benefits. Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of glycoproteins?

Enhance cellular metabolism and wound healing. Signup and view all the answers

When are treatment creams most effective?

During sleep Signup and view all the answers

What do surfactants improve?

Spreadability of cosmetic products. Signup and view all the answers

What are color agents?

Substances that give color to cosmetics certified by FDA. Signup and view all the answers

What do jojoba beads, ground nuts, and various seeds all have in common?

Natural exfoliants Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Skin Care Products: Key Concepts

Performance ingredients are the active components that cleanse, normalize, moisturize, or treat the skin.
Skin type is crucial for product differentiation and selection.
Ingredients come from various sources including herbs, essential oils, plants, and synthetic compounds.

Product Knowledge and Safety

Estheticians must understand product formulations to provide effective treatments and avoid adverse reactions.
Synthetic ingredients can be just as effective as natural ones, often with advantages like lower ecological impact.

Regulatory Framework

The FDA does not require prior approval for cosmetics before they are manufactured and sold.
Cosmetics must list ingredients in descending order of predominance, from highest to lowest concentration.

Allergens and Product Reactions

Common allergens in skin care include fragrances and certain preservatives.
Products should not be used if any reactions occur within 24 hours of application.

Storage and Efficacy

Products stored in dark containers and at cooler temperatures have a longer shelf life.
Cosmeceuticals are designed to enhance skin health and appearance.

Cosmetic Regulations

The FDA regulates safety, labeling, and claims made by cosmetics manufacturers.
Cosmetic labeling must include the manufacturer’s name, location, and all ingredients.

Ingredient Classifications

Natural ingredients are sourced from nature; organic ingredients are grown without pesticides.
Cruelty-free products are not tested on animals at any stage, while vegan products contain no animal ingredients or by-products.

Common Terms

Hypoallergenic means lower likelihood of causing allergic reactions.
Noncomedogenic products do not clog pores, while comedogenic products can lead to blackheads.

Cosmetic Types

Cosmetics include products applied to the body for cleansing, beautifying, or altering appearance.
Drugs are products intended to affect bodily functions beyond cosmetic use.

Functional vs. Performance Ingredients

Functional ingredients provide product form and texture; performance ingredients cause tangible changes in skin appearance.
Water is one of the most commonly used cosmetic ingredients.

Emollients and Moisturizers

Emollients are fatty materials used to hydrate and lubricate skin.
Humectants draw water to the skin's surface to reduce dehydration.

Exfoliation

Mechanical exfoliants include scrubs made from natural materials whereas enzymes dissolve dead skin proteins for gentler exfoliation.
AHAs and BHAs are mild acids that serve as chemical exfoliants.

Mask Types and Functions

Nonsetting masks moisturize, while setting masks harden to provide a barrier. Alginate masks enhance absorption of the underlying product.
Clay masks draw impurities to the surface as they dry.

Cleansing Products

Cleansing creams dissolve makeup and dirt using a water-in-oil emulsion.
Cleansing gels are water-based and can suit all skin types.

Treatment and Specialized Products

Treatment creams, or nourishing creams, focus on enhancing skin health.
Eye creams have a lighter consistency and often incorporate moisturizing agents.

SPF and Usage Recommendations

SPF indicates protection duration against UVB rays; regular use is vital for skin health.
Granular scrubs should be applied 1-2 times weekly to avoid skin irritation.

Advanced Ingredients

Glycoproteins enhance moisture, immune response, and cellular metabolism.
Liposomes encapsulate ingredients for targeted delivery and controlled release.

Antioxidants and Other Beneficial Ingredients

Vitamin K aids in wound healing and improves skin conditions.
Green tea is a potent antioxidant with multiple anti-aging benefits.

Cleanser Composition

Surfactants are the primary type of ingredients used in cleansers to improve spreadability.

Color and Fragrance

Lakes are insoluble pigments in cosmetics; fragrances can be derived from various sources but may cause allergic reactions.
Unscented products are formulated to be odorless, while fragrance-free products contain no added fragrance.

Miscellaneous

Therapeutic use of plant extracts is known as phytotherapy.
Professional-grade products are generally more concentrated than those available at drugstores.

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Description

Test your knowledge of skin care products with these flashcards focusing on chemistry, ingredients, and selection strategies. Each card dives into the essential concepts that are critical for understanding how these products work and their suitable applications based on skin type.