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Questions and Answers
How do synthetic ingredients compare to ingredients derived from nature?
How do synthetic ingredients compare to ingredients derived from nature?
They can be just as effective and may have certain advantages, such as no use of pesticides or not leaving an ecological footprint.
What does the FDA do?
What does the FDA do?
Regulates cosmetics only in the areas of safety, labeling, and the claims made for a product; do not require approval of cosmetics before their manufacture or sale.
How must ingredients be listed on cosmetic labels?
How must ingredients be listed on cosmetic labels?
In descending order of predominance, starting with the highest concentration and ending with the lowest concentration.
When should a product not be used?
When should a product not be used?
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How should products be stored to make them last longer?
How should products be stored to make them last longer?
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What are cosmeceuticals intended to do?
What are cosmeceuticals intended to do?
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What are the main types of surfactants used in skin-cleansing products?
What are the main types of surfactants used in skin-cleansing products?
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What type of color agent is not subject to FDA batch certification requirements?
What type of color agent is not subject to FDA batch certification requirements?
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What is an example of an inorganic physical substance?
What is an example of an inorganic physical substance?
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What is titanium dioxide?
What is titanium dioxide?
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Where are noncertified colors obtained from?
Where are noncertified colors obtained from?
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What do emulsifiers cause to mix in order to form an emulsion?
What do emulsifiers cause to mix in order to form an emulsion?
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What do emollients do?
What do emollients do?
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What are emulsifiers?
What are emulsifiers?
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What are emollients?
What are emollients?
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What do silicones do?
What do silicones do?
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What are carbomers used for?
What are carbomers used for?
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What products coat the skin and reduce friction?
What products coat the skin and reduce friction?
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What element turns a fatty acid into a fatty alcohol?
What element turns a fatty acid into a fatty alcohol?
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What is one of the fattiest and healthiest plant oils?
What is one of the fattiest and healthiest plant oils?
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What type of ingredient is used to improve the hydration, plumpness and smoothness of the skin?
What type of ingredient is used to improve the hydration, plumpness and smoothness of the skin?
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What term refers to ingredients used to dissolve keratin proteins on the surface of the skin?
What term refers to ingredients used to dissolve keratin proteins on the surface of the skin?
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What are Alpha Hydroxy Acids (AHA) and Beta Hydroxy Acids (BHA) commonly used as?
What are Alpha Hydroxy Acids (AHA) and Beta Hydroxy Acids (BHA) commonly used as?
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What are examples of ingredients that are used to adjust the pH of products?
What are examples of ingredients that are used to adjust the pH of products?
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What do glycoproteins do?
What do glycoproteins do?
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What are glycoproteins derived from?
What are glycoproteins derived from?
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Fragrances do what?
Fragrances do what?
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Where in the body are alpha-lipoic acids found?
Where in the body are alpha-lipoic acids found?
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What is a delivery system?
What is a delivery system?
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Green tea, caviar, and retinol are known to be beneficial for what type of skin?
Green tea, caviar, and retinol are known to be beneficial for what type of skin?
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Benzoyl peroxide is primarily used for treating what?
Benzoyl peroxide is primarily used for treating what?
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Licorice is what?
Licorice is what?
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What are the benefits of green tea?
What are the benefits of green tea?
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An astringent is a type of what?
An astringent is a type of what?
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A cream is a type of what?
A cream is a type of what?
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A freshener is a type of what?
A freshener is a type of what?
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A gel is a type of what?
A gel is a type of what?
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A lotion is a type of what?
A lotion is a type of what?
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A tonic is a type of what?
A tonic is a type of what?
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Nonsetting masks are designed to do what?
Nonsetting masks are designed to do what?
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Setting masks do what?
Setting masks do what?
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Alginate masks do what?
Alginate masks do what?
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Modelage masks are what?
Modelage masks are what?
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Paraffin masks are what?
Paraffin masks are what?
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Clay masks do what?
Clay masks do what?
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What type of toner has a higher alcohol content?
What type of toner has a higher alcohol content?
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What are astringents?
What are astringents?
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What are fresheners?
What are fresheners?
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What term refers to a detergent-type 'foaming' cleanser?
What term refers to a detergent-type 'foaming' cleanser?
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What are cleansing gels?
What are cleansing gels?
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What term refers to skin-freshening lotions with a low alcohol content?
What term refers to skin-freshening lotions with a low alcohol content?
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What is an ampoule?
What is an ampoule?
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How often should moisturizers be used at home?
How often should moisturizers be used at home?
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What homecare product should be used on a weekly basis?
What homecare product should be used on a weekly basis?
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What are eye creams formulated to do?
What are eye creams formulated to do?
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What are the benefits of using moisturizers and hydrators?
What are the benefits of using moisturizers and hydrators?
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Treatment creams are also known as what?
Treatment creams are also known as what?
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How often should clients exfoliate at home?
How often should clients exfoliate at home?
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SPF is based on what?
SPF is based on what?
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SPF 15 blocks what percent of UVB rays?
SPF 15 blocks what percent of UVB rays?
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SPF 30 blocks what percent of UVB rays?
SPF 30 blocks what percent of UVB rays?
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SPF 50 blocks what percent of UVB rays?
SPF 50 blocks what percent of UVB rays?
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What are self-tanning lotions formulated with?
What are self-tanning lotions formulated with?
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What is dihydroxyacetone (DHA)?
What is dihydroxyacetone (DHA)?
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What are cosmetics?
What are cosmetics?
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What are moisturizers?
What are moisturizers?
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What are cleansers?
What are cleansers?
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Define natural.
Define natural.
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Define organic.
Define organic.
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What is lanolin?
What is lanolin?
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Define vegan.
Define vegan.
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Define cruelty-free.
Define cruelty-free.
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What are the benefits of lavender?
What are the benefits of lavender?
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Define fragrance-free.
Define fragrance-free.
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Define hypoallergenic.
Define hypoallergenic.
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What are the properties of urea?
What are the properties of urea?
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What are functional ingredients?
What are functional ingredients?
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What are unscented products?
What are unscented products?
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What do fragrances do?
What do fragrances do?
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What are performance ingredients?
What are performance ingredients?
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What is zinc oxide?
What is zinc oxide?
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Define anhydrous.
Define anhydrous.
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What are lipids?
What are lipids?
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What is liquid paraffin?
What is liquid paraffin?
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What is palm oil?
What is palm oil?
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What is hemp seed oil?
What is hemp seed oil?
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What do lubricants do?
What do lubricants do?
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What are fatty acids?
What are fatty acids?
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What are detergents?
What are detergents?
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What are fatty esters?
What are fatty esters?
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What are fatty alcohols?
What are fatty alcohols?
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What are vehicles?
What are vehicles?
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What are delivery systems?
What are delivery systems?
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What are polymers?
What are polymers?
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What are liposomes?
What are liposomes?
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What are parabens?
What are parabens?
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What are preservatives?
What are preservatives?
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What is methylparaben?
What is methylparaben?
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What is Quaternium-15?
What is Quaternium-15?
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What are essential oils?
What are essential oils?
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Study Notes
Skin Care Product Chemistry and Ingredients
- Synthetic vs. Natural Ingredients: Synthetic ingredients can match the effectiveness of natural ones, often without pesticides or ecological impact.
- FDA Role: Regulates cosmetics in terms of safety, labeling, and claims, but does not mandate pre-market approval.
- Ingredient Listing: Ingredients must be listed on labels in descending order based on concentration.
- Product Usage Caution: Discontinue use if any skin reaction occurs within 24 hours.
- Storage Tips: Preserve product longevity by keeping them in dark, cool containers.
Types of Ingredients and Their Functions
- Cosmeceuticals: Designed to enhance skin health and appearance.
- Surfactants: Primary type used in skin cleansers are detergents.
- Color Agents: Noncertified colors are not subject to FDA batch certification; sourced from minerals, plants, or animals.
- Emulsifiers: Allow oil and water to mix, creating emulsions vital for product consistency.
- Emollients: Provide surface lubrication and moisture to skin.
Skin Treatment and Enhancements
- Silicones: Serve as spreading agents in products, notably in makeup.
- Carbombers: Used to thicken creams and gel formulations.
- Lipids: Enhance skin hydration and improve texture.
- Enzymes: Dissolve keratin proteins, aiding in skin texture.
- Exfoliants: Includes Alpha Hydroxy Acids (AHA) and Beta Hydroxy Acids (BHA) to remove dead skin cells.
Moisturizers, Hydrators, and Protective Products
- Moisturizers: Balance skin's oil-water content and nourish against environmental damage.
- SPF Categories: Products with SPF 15, 30, and 50 block 93%, 97%, and 98% of UVB rays, respectively.
- Self-Tanning Use: Formulated with Dihydroxyacetone (DHA) which reacts with skin proteins.
- Cleansers: Varieties include gels, lotions, and creams, with specific formulations for different skin types.
Specialty and Functional Products
- Masks: Various types, including nonsetting (hydrating), clay (draw impurities), and alginate (seal for absorption).
- Toners: Different types exist, such as fresheners (alcohol-free) and astringents (higher alcohol), tailored for skin type.
- Eye Creams: Specifically formulated for delicate skin around eyes, maintaining skin health.
Definitions and Classifications
- Organic Ingredients: Sourced without pesticides, noted for their eco-friendliness.
- Vegan Products: Contain no animal-derived ingredients.
- Cruelty-Free: Products not tested on animals in any process.
- Essential Oils: Herbal oils offering various effects on skin and overall well-being.
Preservatives and Their Importance
- Preservatives: Essential for inhibiting microbial growth in cosmetic products.
- Parabens: Common preservatives offering broad-spectrum antimicrobial protection.
- Quaternium-15: Effective against bacteria, but may cause allergic reactions.
Special Ingredients and Properties
- Urea: Enhances other ingredients' absorption while providing anti-inflammatory properties.
- Zinc Oxide: Acts as a mineral sunscreen while healing and soothing skin.
- Polymers and Liposomes: Advanced delivery systems for controlled ingredient release.
Usage and Frequency Guide
- Home Care: Moisturizers recommended to be used twice daily; masks suggested weekly for enhanced skin treatment.
- Exfoliation Frequency: Based on skin type and manufacturer guidelines.
These notes encapsulate key points regarding skin care product chemistry, function of ingredients, their effects, and the importance of preservation and storage.
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Description
Explore the chemistry behind skin care products, focusing on synthetic versus natural ingredients and their effectiveness. Learn about the FDA's role in regulation, the importance of proper ingredient listing, and tips for safe product usage and storage. This quiz will deepen your understanding of various cosmetic functionalities and ingredient types.