Melanoma Cancer and Risk Factors

Questions and Answers

What is the primary factor believed to influence the development of acne during adolescence?

Higher production of testosterone

Increase in body temperature

Activation of sebaceous glands by androgen hormones (correct)

Reduction in skin hydration levels

What type of acne lesion is characterized by non-inflamed, closed follicles?

Closed comedones (whiteheads) (correct)

Pustules

Nodules

Papules

What is one of the significant reasons that acne can exacerbate in female clients?

Presence of certain dietary factors

Hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle (correct)

Increased exposure to sunlight

Dehydration of the skin

Which of the following is NOT a treatment or intervention recommended for acne management?

Scrubbing the face vigorously Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following risk factors is NOT associated with the conditions described?

Hypertension Signup and view all the answers

What type of bacteria is commonly associated with acne, contributing to its inflammatory process?

Propionibacterium acnes Signup and view all the answers

What is a common area for skin conditions as mentioned in the content?

Under the breasts Signup and view all the answers

What possible side effect can arise from the use of benzoyl peroxide treatment for acne?

Severe local irritation including burning or blistering Signup and view all the answers

What symptom is NOT typically associated with vaginitis as described?

Severe abdominal pain Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect of spironolactone when used for acne treatment?

Menstrual irregularities Signup and view all the answers

Which organism is most commonly associated with cellulitis?

Staphylococcus aureus Signup and view all the answers

Which type of acne lesion is formed from the total disintegration of a comedone?

Nodule Signup and view all the answers

Which intervention is most appropriate for maintaining skin fold hygiene?

Teach the client to keep skin fold areas clean and dry Signup and view all the answers

The primary cause of scabies is attributed to which organism?

Sarcoptes scabiei Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of open comedones in acne?

They appear as blackheads resulting from sebum accumulation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following instructions regarding lesion care is essential for clients?

Avoid picking at lesions Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended duration for Elimite application as a treatment for scabies?

8-14 hours Signup and view all the answers

What intervention can help reduce discomfort in cellulitis?

Apply warm compresses Signup and view all the answers

What diagnostic test is critical for confirming the presence of an infection in a wound?

Gram stain and culture of the wound Signup and view all the answers

What common symptom may be experienced by individuals with scabies?

Pruritis, especially at night Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following treatments is contraindicated for pregnant or nursing mothers?

Kwell Signup and view all the answers

Which lifestyle factor does NOT typically increase the risk of cellulitis?

Good hygiene Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant symptom of more severe cellulitis infections?

Lymphadenopathy Signup and view all the answers

What type of medications can reduce androgen activity for treating acne in females?

Oral contraceptives Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT a primary cause of non-melanoma skin cancer?

Use of sunscreen Signup and view all the answers

What is a typical feature of squamous cell cancer lesions?

Oozing, bleeding, and crusting lesions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following BEST describes the appearance of a melanoma lesion?

Irregular, circular with hues of tan, black, or blue Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'D' in the ABCDEs of melanoma assessment indicate?

Diameter greater than 6mm Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cancer is characterized by a tendency for metastasis to lymph nodes?

Squamous cell carcinoma Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common characteristic found in basal cell carcinoma?

Pearly borders and a waxy nodule Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about melanoma is true?

Melanoma can appear anywhere on the body. Signup and view all the answers

What symptom might indicate a change in a preexisting melanoma lesion?

Pruritus or local soreness Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of therapy for psoriasis?

To reduce cell proliferation and inflammation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following assessments is NOT typically performed for patients with suspected psoriasis?

Assessing family history of skin conditions Signup and view all the answers

What is the Koebner phenomenon in relation to psoriasis?

Formation of lesions at sites of skin injury Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common form of treatment used for managing psoriasis?

Oral anticoagulants Signup and view all the answers

In psoriasis assessment, what does the presence of silvery-white scales typically indicate?

Active skin inflammation Signup and view all the answers

Which potential cause of psoriasis is linked to genetic factors?

Genetic predisposition Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic nail changes are associated with psoriasis?

Pitting and thickening Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pharmacological treatments would be classified as topical antipruritic?

Calamine or Caladryl lotion Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Melanoma Cancer

Melanoma is a serious form of skin cancer that can develop from existing moles or birthmarks.
Highly metastatic, can spread to vital organs including the brain, lungs, bones, and liver.
Identified by irregular, circular lesions with varied hues (tan, black, blue).
Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for improved survival rates.

Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer

Non-melanoma skin cancers primarily develop in the epidermis, frequently due to sun exposure.
Risk factors include chronic skin damage, genetic predisposition, ionizing radiation, light skin, age over 60, and outdoor occupations.
Affected areas include sun-exposed regions such as the face, head, neck, and hands.
Diagnosis is confirmed through skin biopsy.

Types of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer

Basal Cell Carcinoma: Arises from basal cells in the epidermis; metastasis is rare but can damage underlying tissues. Often presents as waxy nodules with pearly borders.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Originates from epidermal keratinocytes; prone to infiltration and lymph node metastasis. Lesions can ooze and bleed, with larger tumors posing a higher metastasis risk.

Skin Assessment for Melanoma

Follow the ABCDE rule:
- A: Asymmetry
- B: Border irregularity
- C: Color variation
- D: Diameter greater than 6mm
- E: Evolving appearance

Acne

Acne is a chronic skin disorder influenced by hormonal changes during puberty, particularly androgens.
Commonly presents on the face, neck, chest, shoulders, and back.
Types of lesions include comedones (whiteheads and blackheads), pustules, papules, and nodules.
Exacerbated by hormonal activity in females, oily skin, and genetic factors.

Acne Assessment and Interventions

Encourage gentle skin cleansing; avoid scrubbing and excessive topical agents.
Prescribe topical agents like benzoyl peroxide, clindamycin, and erythromycin to manage bacteria.
Hormonal medications (oral contraceptives, spironolactone) may reduce sebum production.
Educate clients on avoiding lesions and using noncomedogenic products.

Cellulitis

Cellulitis is an infection of the dermis originating from pathogens like Streptococcus or Staphylococcus aureus.
Occurs due to skin integrity compromise; risk factors include immunocompromised states, diabetes, and obesity.
Symptoms include pain, tenderness, erythema, warmth, edema, and fever.

Assessment and Interventions for Cellulitis

Examine for warmth, redness, and drainage; monitor vital signs.
Diagnostics include Gram stain, CBC, and blood cultures if necessary.
Interventions involve promoting rest, applying warm compresses, and observing hygiene practices.

Scabies

Highly pruritic condition caused by Sarcoptes scabiei; characterized by intense itching, especially at night.
Transmitted person-to-person; affected individuals may experience familial spread.

Assessment and Treatment of Scabies

Diagnosis confirmed via microscopic skin scraping.
Treatments include Elimite or Kwell, applied to the skin, followed by thorough washing after several hours.
Consider high-risk environments and personal history for effective management.

Psoriasis

Chronic non-infectious inflammation characterized by keratin synthesis and psoriatic patches.
Forms include psoriasis vulgaris, often triggered by stress, trauma, infections, and hormonal changes.
Manifestations include pruritus and silvery-white scales on raised plaques.

Management and Education for Psoriasis

Treatment focuses on reducing inflammation and epidermal cell proliferation; no cure exists.
Education includes managing flare-ups and identifying triggers to maintain skin health.

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Description

This quiz covers key aspects of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer, focusing on risk factors such as sun exposure and genetic predisposition. It will help assess your understanding of skin cancer types and their underlying causes. Dive into the essential knowledge required to identify and prevent skin cancer effectively.