Skin and Body Membranes: Chapter 4

<p>Via activating sweat glands and enabling blood to flush into skin capillary beds. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through converting modified cholesterol molecules in the skin when exposed to sunlight. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alerting the nervous system to potential damage. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through a water-resistant glycolipid and keratin. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Urea and uric acid. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secreting lubricating fluid to reduce friction between organs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The keratinized stratified squamous epithelium provides a tough, protective barrier. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mucous membrane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of abundant blood vessels for nutrient supply (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Activation of immune response to a potential threat (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Areolar Connective Tissue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Always secretes mucus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By providing strength and acting as a water-repellent sealant (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epithelial (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased risk of infection and dehydration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adipose tissue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cutaneous membrane (skin) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anchoring the skin to underlying organs and providing insulation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contributing to skin color and protecting against UV radiation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It prevents bacterial multiplication. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By producing sweat from eccrine glands, leading to evaporative cooling. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of melanocytes providing pigmentation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To protect the skin and hair by providing lubrication. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Athlete’s foot (Tinea pedis) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Due to the liver's inability to process bilirubin, leading to its buildup in the blood. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They constrict to reduce blood flow to the skin's surface, conserving heat. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To protect underlying cells from damage caused by ultraviolet radiation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>18% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Loss of protective skin barrier leading to dehydration. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eccrine sweat glands (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inflammation of hair follicles. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vasodilation of blood vessels near the skin's surface. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Urea (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Impetigo (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>First-degree burn (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Second-degree (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nerve endings in the dermis have been destroyed. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skin regeneration is possible without grafting. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A patient with second-degree burns covering 35 percent of their body. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Early removal provides a good chance of cure. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It metastasizes rapidly and is highly resistant to chemotherapy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Evolution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recommend immediate further evaluation and possible biopsy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Membranes that cover surfaces and line cavities, including cutaneous, mucous, and serous types.

Dry membrane that serves as the outermost protective boundary, commonly known as the skin.

Moist membranes that line body cavities open to the exterior, aiding in absorption or secretion.

Membranes that line closed body cavities, containing a visceral and parietal layer separated by serous fluid.

Inner layer of serous membranes that covers organs.

Outer layer of serous membranes that lines the body cavity.

Loose connective tissue that supports mucous membranes.

Connective tissue membranes that line joint cavities and secrete synovial fluid for lubrication.

The skin converts modified cholesterol into vitamin D when exposed to sunlight.

Protects deeper tissues from mechanical, chemical, and microbial damage using a physical barrier.

A protein that toughens the skin cells, providing a barrier against damage.

Glands that help with body temperature regulation through perspiration.

A pigment produced by melanocytes that offers protection from UV damage.

A thin film on the skin's surface that inhibits microbial growth due to its acidity.

Cells that detect heat, cold, and pain, alerting the nervous system to damage.

The skin aids in excreting substances like urea and uric acid through sweat.

Outer layer of skin, composed of stratified squamous epithelium.

Cells in the epidermis that produce keratin for strength and water resistance.

Deepest layer of epidermis; where new skin cells are generated.

Cells in the epidermis that produce melanin, affecting skin color.

Outermost layer of the epidermis; protects against damage.

Layer beneath the epidermis, composed of connective tissue and skin appendages.

Upper part of the dermis; consists of areolar connective tissue with dermal papillae.

Subcutaneous layer that anchors skin to organs; primarily adipose tissue for insulation.

Process where skin produces vitamin D using sunlight.

Redness of the skin due to embarrassment or inflammation.

Glands that produce sebum (oil) for skin lubrication.

Exocrine glands for secretion of sweat and oil in skin.

Sweat glands located in armpits and genitals, activated at puberty.

Skin discolorations due to hematomas (blood leaks).

Melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin contribute to skin color.

Hair is produced by hair follicles and consists of keratinized epithelial cells.

Nails grow from the nail matrix and are keratinized modifications of the epidermis.

A fungal infection (Tinea pedis) causing itchy, red peeling skin between toes.

A bacterial infection causing pink, fluid-filled lesions, usually around mouth/nose.

Burns are categorized based on depth and damage; first-degree affects the epidermis.

A method to estimate burn extent by dividing the body into 11 areas, each representing 9%.

Psoriasis can be triggered by trauma, infections, hormonal changes, or stress.

An allergic reaction causing itching, redness, and swelling after exposure to chemicals.

A partial-thickness burn damaging the epidermis and part of the dermis, causing red, painful blisters.

A full-thickness burn that destroys the epidermis and dermis, appearing gray-white, cherry red, or black, with lack of pain.

A full-thickness burn extending into deeper tissues like bone and muscle, dry and leathery, necessitating surgery.

Conditions determining if burns are critical, such as percentage of body burned or location (like face, hands).

Least malignant and most common type of skin cancer, arising in the stratum basale with slow development.

Second most common skin cancer affecting stratum spinosum, providing good cure chance if removed early.

The deadliest skin cancer derived from melanocytes, often metastasizes rapidly and detected via ABCDE rule.

Criteria for assessing moles, including Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color, Diameter over 6mm, and Evolution.