Skin Anatomy Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the epidermis?

Composed of squamous epithelium cells

What is Stratum basal?

Layer that makes new cells

What do old cells produce?

Fibers called keratin

What is the most keratinized layer of the skin?

<p>Stratum corneum</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are melanocytes?

<p>Pigments that shield the living basal cells against ultraviolet light</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are melanocytes located?

<p>In the lowest layers of the epidermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a callus?

<p>Layer of skin that accumulates liquid and thickens</p> Signup and view all the answers

List other parts of the integumentary system besides the skin.

<p>Hair, fingernails, sensory receptors, glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an organ/skin?

<p>Two or more tissues grouped together performing specialized functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

What forms a barrier between ourselves and the outside world?

<p>Skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

List the functions of the skin.

<p>Helps regulate body temperature, is a barrier against water loss and microbial invasion, houses sensory organs, synthesizes chemicals, and excretes waste.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What gives skin color?

<p>Melanin</p> Signup and view all the answers

Black skin has the same amount of melanin as white skin.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do people have a reddish complexion?

<p>Blood vessels close to the skin surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why can a baby's skin appear yellow?

<p>Due to a condition called jaundice</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why can people have a pinkish complexion?

<p>Because they have very little melanin; blood vessels are visible</p> Signup and view all the answers

The upper boundary of what is uneven?

<p>The dermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do fingerprints form?

<p>Papillae</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the dermis made of?

<p>Dense connective tissue, collagenous fibers, and elastic fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible and associated with itch?

<p>Free nerve endings</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for light touch?

<p>Meissner's corpuscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

What responds to heavy pressure?

<p>Lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain temperature reception.

<p>There are warm and cold receptors; warm receptors are above 25 degrees Celsius and cold receptors are between 10 and 20 degrees Celsius.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are warm receptors and cold receptors not located?

<p>The brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has free nerve endings?

<p>Pain receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is referred pain?

<p>When a pain appears to be coming from a location that is in no pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is acute pain?

<p>Sharp temporary pain that comes from thinly myelinated nerve fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is chronic pain?

<p>Dull, persistent pain caused by thickly myelinated neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are nails?

<p>Protective coverings at the end of fingers and toes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are nails made of?

<p>Highly keratinized cells that are produced in the lunula at the bottom of the nail</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hair is found on every part of the body except for the palms, soles of the feet, lips, nipples, and parts of the external genitalia.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hair arises from a mitosis that takes place in a depression called a hair follicle.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are genes that determine the amount and types of pigments made?

<p>Hair color</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does dark hair have?

<p>More brownish-black eumelanin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does blond and reddish hair have?

<p>More reddish-yellow pheomelanin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is white hair that lacks any pigment?

<p>Albinism</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a muscle that causes goosebumps when it contracts?

<p>Arrector papillae</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a stem cell that can become hair or skin when damaged?

<p>Transient amplifying cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a suboriferous gland?

<p>Sweat gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the secretions that keep dead hair and skin conditioned?

<p>Sebum</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Skin Anatomy Overview

  • Epidermis: Composed of squamous epithelium cells, forming the outer layer of skin.

Skin Layers

  • Stratum Basal: The lowest layer of the epidermis responsible for generating new cells.
  • Stratum Corneum: The most keratinized layer of skin, providing protection.

Skin Cells and Pigments

  • Keratin: Fibers produced as old skin cells die, contributing to skin's protective layer.
  • Melanocytes: Pigment-producing cells located in the lowest layers of the epidermis, shielding against ultraviolet light damage.

Skin Conditions and Responses

  • Callus: A thickened skin area that forms from the accumulation of liquid and keratinized cells.
  • Skin Color: Determined by melanin levels; all skin tones contain ell same amount of melanocytes, but activity and pigment vary.

Functions of the Skin

  • Thermoregulation: Regulates body temperature and prevents water loss.
  • Protection: Acts as a barrier against microbes and environmental hazards.
  • Sensory Function: Houses sensory receptors for touch, pressure, and pain.
  • Chemical Synthesis: Synthesizes essential chemicals and excretes waste through sweat.

Dermis Features

  • Composition: Made of dense connective tissue, collagenous fibers, and elastic fibers for strength and flexibility.
  • Papillae: Projections that form fingerprints, increasing grip on surfaces.

Sensory Receptors

  • Free Nerve Endings: Associated with itch sensation.
  • Meissner's Corpuscles: Responsible for detecting light touch.
  • Lamellated Corpuscles: Respond to heavy pressure.
  • Temperature Reception: Warm receptors active above 25°C; cold receptors between 10-20°C. Below 10°C, pain receptors are activated.

Pain Types

  • Acute Pain: Sharp, temporary pain from thinly myelinated nerve fibers.
  • Chronic Pain: Dull, persistent pain stemming from thickly myelinated neurons.
  • Referred Pain: Pain perceived in a location away from the actual injury source.

Nails and Hair

  • Nails: Protective coverings at the ends of fingers and toes, highly keratinized, produced in the lunula (nail base).
  • Hair Growth: Arises from a follicle due to mitosis; found on nearly all body parts except palms, soles, lips, and certain genital areas.
  • Hair Color: Determined by genetics; dark hair contains more eumelanin, whereas blond and red hair contains more pheomelanin.
  • Albinism: A condition where hair is white due to lack of pigment.

Additional Structures

  • Arrector Pilli: Muscle that causes hair to stand upright, creating goosebumps when contracted.
  • Sweat Glands: Also called sudoriferous glands, crucial for thermoregulation and excretion of wastes.

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Description

Explore the layers, cells, and functions of human skin in this informative quiz. From the epidermis to the role of keratin and melanocytes, this quiz provides a thorough understanding of skin anatomy and its various conditions. Test your knowledge on how skin protects and regulates temperature.

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