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Questions and Answers
What is a comedo?
What is a comedo?
- A loss of hair from the skin
- An accumulation of dried exudate on the skin
- An area of fibrous tissue replacing damaged dermis
- A dilated hair follicle filled with cornified cells and sebaceous material (correct)
Which of the following describes hypertrichosis?
Which of the following describes hypertrichosis?
- More hair than normal (correct)
- Loss of hair
- Excessive shedding of hair
- Less hair than normal
What is the main characteristic of an ulcer?
What is the main characteristic of an ulcer?
- A break in the epidermis exposing the underlying dermis (correct)
- Thickened skin with exaggerated superficial markings
- A circular rim of keratin flakes on the skin surface
- An accumulation of flakes or dandruff on the skin
Which term refers to a decrease in skin pigmentation?
Which term refers to a decrease in skin pigmentation?
What condition is characterized by a thickening and hardening of the skin?
What condition is characterized by a thickening and hardening of the skin?
Which type of lesion involves erosions caused by scratching or biting?
Which type of lesion involves erosions caused by scratching or biting?
What are primary lesions?
What are primary lesions?
What is the primary cause of leukoderma?
What is the primary cause of leukoderma?
Which factor does NOT affect melanin pigment production?
Which factor does NOT affect melanin pigment production?
Which of the following describes a macule?
Which of the following describes a macule?
What characterizes a vesicle?
What characterizes a vesicle?
Which of the following is true about secondary lesions?
Which of the following is true about secondary lesions?
What type of lesion is a wheal?
What type of lesion is a wheal?
Which lesion is defined as a hardened solid elevation of the skin that usually extends deeper?
Which lesion is defined as a hardened solid elevation of the skin that usually extends deeper?
Which of these statements correctly describes a pustule?
Which of these statements correctly describes a pustule?
What defines a tumor in the context of skin lesions?
What defines a tumor in the context of skin lesions?
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Study Notes
Factors Causing Skin Injury
- External (exogenous) factors include environmental influences.
- Internal (endogenous) factors arise from within the body.
Types of Skin Lesions
- Primary lesions: Direct results of disease, crucial for diagnosis.
- Secondary lesions: Evolve from primary lesions, usually less diagnostically significant.
Primary Skin Lesions
- Macule: Discolored area, ≤ 1 cm; example: lentigo, a benign hyperpigmentation.
- Papule: Small, round, solid elevation, ≤ 1 cm in size.
- Plaque: Larger, flat-topped solid elevation of the skin.
- Nodule: Hard elevation, ≥ 1 cm, extends into deeper skin layers.
- Vesicle: Circumscribed elevation of < 1 cm filled with clear fluid.
- Bulla: Larger vesicle (> 1 cm) containing fluid within the epidermis.
- Tumor: Large mass implicating neoplasia, affecting skin or subcutis.
- Cyst: Epithelial-lined cavity with fluid or solid material.
- Pustule: Small, pus-filled elevation of the epidermis.
- Abscess: Accumulation of pus within epidermis or hair follicle.
- Wheal: Smooth, well-defined elevation from dermal edema, commonly seen in allergic reactions.
Secondary Skin Lesions
- Scale: Accumulation of flakes or dandruff on the skin surface.
- Crust: Dried exudate, blood, or serum accumulation.
- Comedo: Dilated hair follicle filled with cornified cells; often seen in conditions like hyperadrenocorticism.
Hair Abnormalities
- Alopecia: Loss of hair.
- Hypotrichosis: Less hair than normal.
- Atrichia: Absence of hair due to failure of development.
- Effluvium/defluxion: Excessive shedding.
- Hypertrichosis (hirsutism): More hair than usual; can be due to endocrine disorders.
Epidermal Pigmentation Alterations
- Hyperpigmentation: Increased melanin production, often due to inflammation or genetics.
- Hypopigmentation: Reduced melanin, can be congenital or due to melanocyte dysfunction.
- Pigmentation incontinence: Loss of melanin from the basal epidermis.
Secondary Lesion Characteristics
- Epidermal collarette: Circular rim of keratin flakes after vesicle/pustule loss.
- Ulcer: Break in the epidermis, exposing underlying dermis.
- Excoriation: Erosions or ulcers from scratching or trauma.
- Scar: Fibrous tissue replacing damaged skin.
- Fissure: Linear cracks in thickened, inelastic skin.
- Lichenification: Thickening and hardening of skin with visible superficial markings.
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