Skin Anatomy and Keratinization Quiz

<p>Stratum basale</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carotene</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Albinism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Provide moisture and lubrication to hair and skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Internal root sheath, external root sheath, glassy membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Arrector pili muscles contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Keratin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shape and structure of the cortex and medulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Act as sensitive receptors for touch</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Makes it appear pinkish</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To protect against UV radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To hair follicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide a yellow-orange pigment and be converted to vitamin A</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stratum corneum</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Keratinocytes, Merkel cells, melanocytes, and Langerhans cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Papillary layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dermal papillae and epidermal ridges</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Meissner corpuscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The amount and form of melanin produced by melanocytes and taken up by keratinocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>UV</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eumelanin (black and brown) and pheomelanin (red)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>UV damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reticular layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stratum basale</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Apocrine sweat glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Produce ear wax and prevent foreign particles from reaching the inner eardrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Activation of eccrine sweat glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eccrine sweat glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Provide various nerve endings in the skin for sensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aid in absorption and excretion of metabolic wastes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eccrine sweat glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Crucial for calcium absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Produce sweat for cooling the body down</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Activation of eccrine sweat glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thicker secretions in hair areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stratum lucidum</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stratum basale</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stratum spinosum</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Generating keratin and keratohyalin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stratum corneum</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stratum lucidum</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Providing insulation and cushioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stratum basale</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Providing flexibility and strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stratum granulosum</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stratum basale</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Melanin interferes with vitamin D production, which is essential for calcium absorption in the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carotene is a yellow-orange pigment that accumulates in the skin and can be converted to vitamin A.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hemoglobin in fair skin appears pinkish due to lower melanin levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Albinism is a genetic disorder resulting in little to no melanin in the skin, hair, and eyes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hair is a flexible strand of dead keratinous filaments that provide protection and sensation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hair consists of a shaft, root, and follicle with distinct characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The hair follicle has three layers: internal root sheath, external root sheath, and glassy membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hair texture and growth are determined by the shape and structure of the cortex and medulla.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The hair root plexus acts as sensitive receptors for touch, and arrector pili muscles cause hair to stand erect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hair growth involves basal cells at the hair bulb dividing and producing keratinocytes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sebaceous glands produce sebum, providing moisture and lubrication to hair and skin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sebaceous glands are usually connected to hair follicles and absent in palms and soles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The stratum basale is the deepest layer of the epidermis, composed of basal cells, Merkel cells, and melanocytes. Basal cells are cube-shaped stem cells that produce keratinocytes. Merkel cells are touch-sensitive sensory cells, while melanocytes produce the pigment melanin. The stratum basale connects to the basement membrane overlying the dermal papillae and is responsible for the continuous renewal of the epidermis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Keratin is an intracellular, fibrous protein that provides hardness and water resistance to the skin, hair, and nails. It is a key structural component that contributes to the protective function of the skin and its appendages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The stratum granulosum is a granular layer of the epidermis where keratinocytes generate keratin and keratohyalin. It plays a crucial role in the production of the tough and resistant properties of the skin. Additionally, the stratum granulosum contributes to the barrier function of the skin, preventing dehydration and microbial penetration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sweat glands, also known as sudoriferous glands, are responsible for producing sweat to help regulate body temperature through evaporative cooling. There are two types of sweat glands: eccrine glands, which are widely distributed and produce watery sweat, and apocrine glands, which are found in hairy areas and produce thicker secretions. Sweat glands also have antibacterial properties and aid in the prevention of water loss.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The process of keratinization involves cells moving from lower to top layers, becoming keratinized as their contents disintegrate and are replaced by keratin and keratohyalin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The stratum lucidum provides extra protection against abrasion in thick skin and contains dead, flattened keratinocytes packed with transparent protein eleidin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The hypodermis, or subcutaneous layer, is composed of loose connective and fatty tissues, providing insulation, cushioning, and fat storage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The stratum spinosum provides flexibility and strength to the skin, containing 8 to 10 layers of interlocked keratinocytes and Langerhans cells, and initiating the synthesis of keratin and water-repelling glycolipids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The stratum granulosum is a transition layer where keratinocytes generate keratin and keratohyalin, forming a water-repellent seal between cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The stratum corneum is the most superficial layer, preventing microbe penetration, abrasion, and dehydration, and is composed of dry, dead, and shed keratinized cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The layers of the epidermis, from deepest to most superficial, are the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum (in thick skin), and stratum corneum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thin skin includes the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, and stratum corneum, while thick skin includes the additional layer of stratum lucidum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The dermis is made of dense irregular connective tissue with two layers, papillary and reticular, containing blood and lymph vessels, nerves, hair follicles, and sweat glands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The stratum basale is the deepest layer, containing basal cells, Merkel cells, and melanocytes, and it connects to the dermal papillae of the dermis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The epidermis is composed of melanocytes, which produce melanin for skin color and UV protection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The stratum spinosum is where keratin and water-repelling glycolipids are synthesized, and it contains keratinocytes and Langerhans cells connected by desmosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sweat glands prevent water loss and have antibacterial properties, and sudoriferous glands produce sweat for cooling the body down.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eccrine sweat glands are found all over the skin surface and aid in thermoregulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Apocrine sweat glands are found in hair areas and produce thicker secretions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ceruminous glands produce ear wax and prevent foreign particles from reaching the inner eardrum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skin functions include protection, thermoregulation, sensation, and vitamin D synthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thermoregulation involves sweat gland activation and vasodilation/constriction of arteries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skin provides protection through multiple layers, keratin, and antimicrobial secretions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skin aids in absorption and excretion of metabolic wastes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cutaneous sensation is provided by various nerve endings in the skin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skin synthesizes vitamin D when exposed to UV radiation, which is crucial for calcium absorption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin D deficiency can lead to conditions like rickets or osteomalacia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skin aids in thermoregulation through sweat gland activation and vasodilation/constriction of arteries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Melanin is a pigment produced by melanocytes and taken up by keratinocytes, determining skin color. More melanin in dark skin protects against UV damage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Meissner corpuscles are a type of touch receptor located in the dermal papillae. They are responsible for detecting light touch and low-frequency vibration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The papillary layer contains loose areolar connective tissue and touch receptors, forming a strong bond with the epidermis. The reticular layer contains dense irregular connective tissue, blood vessels, sensory and sympathetic nerve supplies, and glands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>UV stimulates melanocytes to produce more melanin, which plays a protective role against UV damage. There are two types of melanin: eumelanin (black and brown) and pheomelanin (red).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The epidermis of thick skin has five layers: stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum. These layers provide protection and aid in the formation of the skin barrier.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>More melanin in dark skin protects against UV damage and plays a role in folic acid preservation and vitamin D production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dermal papillae and epidermal ridges increase friction, forming fingerprints and enhancing grip and tactile sensitivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The four major cell types of the epidermis are keratinocytes, Merkel cells, melanocytes, and Langerhans cells. They contribute to the protective and sensory functions of the skin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carotene is a pigment that can contribute to skin color. It has the potential to be converted to vitamin A, which is essential for vision and immune function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>More melanin in dark skin provides greater protection against UV damage and plays a role in folic acid preservation and vitamin D production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The epidermis provides a barrier against pathogens, UV radiation, and water loss, while the dermis contains sensory receptors and contributes to the skin's mechanical strength and flexibility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The papillary layer forms a strong bond with the epidermis and contains touch receptors, while the reticular layer provides structural support, houses blood vessels and nerves, and contains glands for temperature regulation and waste excretion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>keratinocytes, Merkel cells, melanocytes, and Langerhans cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>papillary layer and reticular layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Meissner corpuscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>UV</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>eumelanin (black and brown) and pheomelanin (red)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>protects against UV damage and plays a role in folic acid preservation and vitamin D production</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>dermal papillae and epidermal ridges</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>provides yellow-orange pigment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>keratinized squamous cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>papillary layer: loose areolar connective tissue, reticular layer: dense irregular connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stratum basale = Connects to the basement membrane overlying the dermal papillae Stratum spinosum = Transition layer where keratinocytes generate keratin and keratohyalin Stratum granulosum = Granulated protein found in this layer, providing toughness and resistance Stratum corneum = Most superficial layer composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Basale cells = Located in the stratum basale and are cube stem cells of keratinocytes Merkel cells = Found in the stratum basale and serve as receptors for touch-sensitive sensory structures Keratinocytes = Present in all layers of the epidermis and produce keratin for skin hardness and water resistance Melanocytes = Located in the stratum basale and produce melanin for UV protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Keratin = Provides hair, nail, and skin hardness and water resistance properties Keratohyalin = Granulated protein found in the stratum granulosum, providing toughness and resistance Carotene = Contributes to skin color and can be converted to vitamin A Melanin = Protects against UV radiation and gives color to the skin, hair, and eyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protection = Prevents microbe penetration, abrasion, and dehydration Sensory perception = Provides information about the surrounding environment Thermoregulation = Helps regulate body temperature through sweating and blood vessel dilation Absorption and excretion = Allows for the uptake of substances and elimination of waste products</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Melanin = Interferes with vitamin D production, essential for calcium absorption Carotene = Yellow-orange pigment, accumulates in the skin, and can be converted to vitamin A Hemoglobin = Appears pinkish in fair skin due to lower melanin levels Sebaceous glands = Produce sebum, providing moisture and lubrication to hair and skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hair shaft = Flexible strand of dead keratinous filaments providing protection and sensation Hair follicle = Consists of a shaft, root, and distinct layers such as internal root sheath, external root sheath, and glassy membrane Hair texture and growth = Determined by the shape and structure of the cortex and medulla Hair root plexus = Acts as sensitive receptors for touch and arrector pili muscles cause hair to stand erect</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Basal cells at the hair bulb = Dividing and producing keratinocytes Hair follicle = Involves three layers: internal root sheath, external root sheath, and glassy membrane Hair root plexus = Serves as sensitive receptors for touch Sebaceous glands = Usually connected to hair follicles and absent in palms and soles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sudoriferous glands = Produce sweat for cooling the body down Apocrine sweat glands = Found in hair areas and produce thicker secretions Ceruminous glands = Produce ear wax and prevent foreign particles from reaching the inner eardrum Sebaceous glands = Prevent water loss and have antibacterial properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protection = Prevents microbe penetration, abrasion, and dehydration Thermoregulation = Involves sweat gland activation and vasodilation/constriction of arteries Sensation = Provided by various nerve endings in the skin Vitamin D synthesis = Crucial for calcium absorption and deficiency can lead to conditions like rickets or osteomalacia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stratum corneum = Contains dead, flattened keratinocytes packed with transparent protein eleidin Stratum lucidum = Provides extra protection against abrasion in thick skin Stratum granulosum = Main function is to prevent water loss Stratum basale = Contains basal cells, Merkel cells, and melanocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stratum basale = Single layer of columnar or cuboidal cells Stratum spinosum = Several layers of polyhedral cells with desmosomes Stratum granulosum = Three to five layers of flattened cells with keratohyalin granules Stratum corneum = Multiple layers of dead, flattened keratinocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Papillary layer = Thinner layer containing loose areolar connective tissue and touch receptors Reticular layer = Thicker layer containing dense irregular connective tissue, blood vessels, and glands Dermal papillae = Increase friction and form fingerprints Meissner corpuscles = Type of touch receptor located in the dermal papillae</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Keratinocytes = Produce keratin and form multiple layers of the epidermis Merkel cells = Function as touch receptors in association with sensory nerve endings Melanocytes = Produce and distribute melanin to protect against UV damage Langerhans cells = Participate in immune responses and help protect against microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Melanin = Primary pigment responsible for skin color and UV protection Carotene = Yellow-orange pigment with potential conversion to vitamin A Hemoglobin = Contributes to the pinkish hue of fair skin Eumelanin and pheomelanin = Two types of melanin stimulated by UV</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stratum basale = Contains basal cells, Merkel cells, and melanocytes, and connects to the dermal papillae of the dermis Stratum spinosum = Provides flexibility and strength to the skin, contains 8 to 10 layers of interlocked keratinocytes and Langerhans cells, and initiates the synthesis of keratin and water-repelling glycolipids Stratum granulosum = Transition layer where keratinocytes generate keratin and keratohyalin, forming a water-repellent seal between cells Stratum corneum = Most superficial layer, preventing microbe penetration, abrasion, and dehydration, composed of dry, dead, and shed keratinized cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Papillary layer = Contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and touch receptors, and forms dermal papillae connected to the stratum basale Reticular layer = Made of dense irregular connective tissue, containing blood and lymph vessels, nerves, hair follicles, and sweat glands Dermal papillae = Projections of the dermal tissue into the epidermis, containing capillaries and touch receptors Hair follicles = Structures in the dermis responsible for hair growth and connected to sebaceous glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stratum lucidum = Provides extra protection against abrasion in thick skin and contains dead, flattened keratinocytes packed with transparent protein eleidin Dermis = Contains dense irregular connective tissue with two layers, papillary and reticular, and various structures such as blood and lymph vessels, nerves, hair follicles, and sweat glands Hypodermis = Composed of loose connective and fatty tissues, providing insulation, cushioning, and fat storage Keratinization process = Involves cells moving from lower to top layers, becoming keratinized as their contents disintegrate and are replaced by keratin and keratohyalin</p> Signup and view all the answers