Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of dermal blood vessels in relation to temperature regulation?
What is the primary function of dermal blood vessels in relation to temperature regulation?
- To constrict or engorge and manage blood flow according to temperature (correct)
- To facilitate oxygen exchange with external air
- To transport nutrients to hair follicles
- To nourish the epidermis exclusively
Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between the dermis and the subcutaneous tissue?
Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between the dermis and the subcutaneous tissue?
- The dermis and subcutaneous tissue are not connected
- The dermis is above the subcutaneous tissue and does not nourish it
- The deep dermal plexus is located between the dermis and subcutaneous tissue, nourishing both (correct)
- The subcutaneous tissue contains glands that are independent of the dermis
What type of molecules do traditional transdermal patches primarily deliver?
What type of molecules do traditional transdermal patches primarily deliver?
- Water-soluble molecules like insulin
- Small lipid-soluble molecules such as nicotine (correct)
- Large molecules such as vaccines
- Non-soluble molecules requiring direct injection
What role do the dermal papillae play in relation to the epidermis?
What role do the dermal papillae play in relation to the epidermis?
Which mechanism allows transdermal patches to deliver drugs effectively?
Which mechanism allows transdermal patches to deliver drugs effectively?
How do nerves interact with dermal blood vessels during times of increased internal demand for blood?
How do nerves interact with dermal blood vessels during times of increased internal demand for blood?
In what layers of skin can the subpapillary plexus be found?
In what layers of skin can the subpapillary plexus be found?
What happens to dermal blood vessels on hot days?
What happens to dermal blood vessels on hot days?
Which of these statements accurately describes the orientation of collagen fibers in the reticular dermis?
Which of these statements accurately describes the orientation of collagen fibers in the reticular dermis?
What is the primary function of elastic fibers in the reticular dermis?
What is the primary function of elastic fibers in the reticular dermis?
What is the anatomical term for the silvery white scars that result from dermal tearing due to excessive stretching?
What is the anatomical term for the silvery white scars that result from dermal tearing due to excessive stretching?
Which layer of the skin is primarily affected by decubitus ulcers?
Which layer of the skin is primarily affected by decubitus ulcers?
What is the primary reason why incisions made parallel to cleavage lines tend to heal more readily?
What is the primary reason why incisions made parallel to cleavage lines tend to heal more readily?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cleavage lines?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cleavage lines?
Why are bedridden elderly people particularly susceptible to decubitus ulcers?
Why are bedridden elderly people particularly susceptible to decubitus ulcers?
What is the major consequence of tissue death caused by a decubitus ulcer?
What is the major consequence of tissue death caused by a decubitus ulcer?
Flashcards
Reticular Dermis
Reticular Dermis
The deeper layer of the dermis, composed of dense irregular connective tissue, containing thick bundles of collagen and elastic fibers, providing strength and resilience to the skin.
Cleavage Lines
Cleavage Lines
Lines that represent the direction of collagen fibers in the reticular dermis, important for surgeons to minimize scarring.
Striae
Striae
Silvery white scars caused by the tearing of collagen fibers in the dermis, often due to excessive stretching during pregnancy or obesity.
Flexure Lines
Flexure Lines
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Decubitus Ulcers
Decubitus Ulcers
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Tissue Necrosis
Tissue Necrosis
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Epidermis
Epidermis
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Dermis
Dermis
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Deep Dermal Plexus
Deep Dermal Plexus
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Subpapillary Plexus
Subpapillary Plexus
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Dermal Blood Vessel Role in Thermoregulation
Dermal Blood Vessel Role in Thermoregulation
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Transdermal Patch
Transdermal Patch
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Drug Diffusion Through Dermis
Drug Diffusion Through Dermis
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Dermal Injection
Dermal Injection
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Skin Appendages
Skin Appendages
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Study Notes
Reticular Dermis
- Accounts for 80% of dermis thickness
- Composed of dense irregular connective tissue
- Contains thick collagen and elastic fibers, mostly parallel to skin surface
- Collagen fiber networks are called 'reticulum'
- Separations in collagen bundles are cleavage/tension lines
- Cleavage lines run longitudinally in limbs/head, circularly around neck/trunk
- Important for surgeons; incisions parallel to lines heal better
- Collagen provides strength/resilience; resists jabs/scrapes
- Elastic fibers provide stretch/recoil properties
- Extreme stretching can tear collagen, forming striae ("stretch marks")
- Site for tattoo pigments
Decubitus Ulcers
- Occur over bony prominences (hips, sacrum, heels)
- Caused by constant pressure reducing blood supply
- Tissue death can occur within 2-3 hours
- Epidermis and papillary dermis are lost
- Increased collagen, but loss of epidermis vulnerability to infections
- Serious, potentially fatal complications
Flexure Lines
- Skin creases, often over joints
- Dermis tightly attaches to underlying structures
- Visible on palms, wrists, soles, fingers, toes
Dermal Blood Vessels
- Composed of two plexuses (networks)
- Deep dermal plexus: nourishes subcutaneous tissue and deeper dermis
- Superficial subpapillary plexus: nourishes dermal papillae and epidermis
- Extensive blood vessels hold 5% of body's blood
- Vessels constrict to shunt blood to internal organs (when needed)
- Vessels dilate to radiate heat and cool body
Transdermal Drug Delivery
- Patches deliver drugs through epidermis to dermal blood vessels
- Works well for small, lipid-soluble molecules (estrogen, nitroglycerin, nicotine)
- Other delivery routes include hair follicles/sweat glands
- Newer patches aim to deliver larger/water-soluble molecules (insulin, vaccines)
- Needle-based designs target subpapillary plexus without reaching nerve endings
Skin Appendages
- Glands and hair follicles embedded in dermis
- Derived from epidermal layer
- Extend into deep dermis and subcutaneous tissue
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