Skeletal Tissues and Bone Formation

Skeletal Tissues

• A fracture in the shaft of a bone occurs in the diaphysis.
• Endosteum can be located lining the medullary cavity.
• Muscle tendon fibers attach to bone by interlacing with the periosteum.
• The organic matrix of bone consists of collagenous fibers, protein, and polysaccharides
• In bone formation, osteoblasts produce the organic matrix.
• Osteoclasts are responsible for active erosion of bone minerals.
• Hormonal production is not one of the primary functions performed by bones.
• Endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus synthesize organic matrix substances in bone formation.
• The osteon delivers nutrients and removes waste products from bone cells.
• In intramembranous ossification, appositional growth refers to the addition of an outside layer of osseous tissue on flat bones.
• Hematopoiesis takes place in the red bone marrow.
• The primary ossification center of a long bone is located in the diaphysis.
• The major purpose of the epiphyseal plate is to lengthen long bones.
• The first step in healing a fracture is the formation of a fracture hematoma.
• Bone loss typically begins to exceed bone gain between ages 35 and 40.
• In bone growth, the medullary cavity is enlarged due to the activity of osteoclasts.
• Hyaline is the most abundant type of cartilage.
• The external ear is composed of elastic cartilage.
• In young children, deficiencies in vitamin A and protein will decrease the thickness of epiphyseal plates in the growing long bones.
• Collagen is not part of the inorganic matrix of bone.
• As osteoblast activity increases, the amount of calcium in bone increases, and the level of calcium in the blood decreases.
• As osteoclast activity increases, the level of calcium in the blood rises, and the amount of calcium in bone decreases.
• Sesamoid bones are classified as irregular bones.
• A bulbous attachment shape for muscle isn't a characteristic of the diaphysis.
• A cylindrical shape isn't a characteristic of the epiphyses.
• Transmission of nerve impulses is not dependent on the proper amount of calcium ions in the blood.
• Parathyroid hormone does not stimulate the activity of osteoblasts.
• Canals link blood vessels and cells is true of bone but not of cartilage.
• The external ear lacks hyaline cartilage.
• The tip of the nose cartilage is not made of elastic cartilage
• All types of bones are composed of both compact and spongy bone
• Cancellous bone refers to spongy bone.
• The humerus is an example of a long bone.
• A vertebral bone is an example of an irregular bone.
• Tarsal bones are examples of short bones.
• The scapula is an example of a flat bone.
• The matrix of bone predominantly consists of inorganic salts with a lesser amount of organic material.
• Hydroxyapatite crystals make up about 85% of the total inorganic matrix.
• Rickets results from vitamin D deficiency in children.
• Lengthwise-running central canals are connected to each other by transverse-running Volkmann canals.
• As calcitonin levels in the blood increase, the amount of calcium in the blood decreases.
• A person with a diet rich in calcium would likely have a low level of parathyroid hormone and a high level of calcitonin.
• Sesamoid bones are found in a tendon.
• Lamellae refers to the concentric, cylinder-shaped layers of calcified bone matrix.
• Lacunae are the small spaces in the matrix that contain bone cells.
• Diploë is found in the middle of spongy bone.
• In the epiphyseal plate, the proliferating zone is in the second layer.
• In the epiphyseal plate, the zone of hypertrophy is in the third layer.
• Bones act as a reservoir for calcium and phosphorus.
• Canaliculi are the small tubes in the osteon that bring nutrients and oxygen to the osteocytes.