151 Questions
Which of the following is NOT a part of the skeletal system?
Muscles
Which subdivision of the skeleton includes the bones of the limbs?
Appendicular skeleton
What connects bones to other bones in the skeletal system?
Ligaments
Which of the following is a function of bones?
Protect soft organs
What do bones store?
Calcium and phosphorus
What is the function of the rib cage?
Protect thoracic cavity organs
Which type of bone tissue is dense, smooth, and homogeneous?
Compact bone
What is the texture of spongy bone?
Small needle-like pieces
How many bones does the adult skeleton have?
206 bones
Which type of bone is NOT classified based on shape?
Round bone
Which one of the following is an example of a flat bone?
Scapula
Which type of bone is generally cube-shaped and contains mostly spongy bone?
Short bones
What are sesamoid bones?
Bones that form within tendons
Which of the following is an example of a short bone?
Carpal & tarsals
Which type of bone is thin, flattened, and usually curved?
Flat bone
What is the structure of a flat bone?
Two thin layers of compact bone
What is the function of spongy bone in a flat bone?
To reduce the weight of the bone
Which of the following bones is an example of an irregular bone?
Vertebrae
What is the characteristic shape of irregular bones?
Irregular
Which of the following bones does NOT fit into any other bone classification category?
Vertebrae
Which part of the long bone makes up most of its length?
Diaphysis
What is the outside covering of the diaphysis called?
Periosteum
What secures the periosteum to the underlying bone?
Perforating (Sharpey's) fibers
Which part of the long bone is composed mostly of spongy bone enclosed by a thin layer of compact bone?
Epiphysis
What covers the external surface of the epiphysis and is made of hyaline cartilage?
Articular cartilage
Which type of long bone tissue decreases friction at joint surfaces?
Articular cartilage
Which part of a long bone is responsible for lengthwise growth?
Epiphyseal plate
Where is red marrow situated in adults?
In the cavities of spongy bone and epiphyses of some long bones.
Which type of marrow is found in the marrow cavity of adults?
Yellow marrow
What is red bone marrow contained in infants?
The medullary canal
What is the primary component of yellow marrow?
Fat
Which of the following is a characteristic of an osteon (Haversian system)?
All of the above
Where are osteocytes situated within an osteon?
Lacunae
What are the concentric rings called in an osteon?
lamellae
Which of the following is the function of the central (Haversian) canal in a bone?
It carries blood vessels and nerves.
Where is the central (Haversian) canal located within an osteon?
In the middle of the osteon.
What runs through the central (Haversian) canal in a bone?
Carries blood vessels and nerves
What is the function of canaliculi in bone?
To connect all bone cells to a nutrient supply
Which canal is perpendicular to the central canal and carries blood vessels and nerves?
Perforating (Volkmann’s) canal
Which type of cells are responsible for bone formation?
Osteoblasts
What makes the bone hard?
Calcium salts deposited in the matrix
What is the process of bone formation called?
Ossification
Which cells are responsible for bone formation?
Osteoblasts
What happens to the enclosed cartilage during the ossification process?
It is digested away
Which hormone is associated with osteoclasts in the ossification process?
PTH-Parathyroid
Which regions in a long bone do not convert to bone by birth?
Both Articular cartilages and Epiphyseal plates
Where is new cartilage continuously formed in a long bone?
On the external face of both Articular cartilages and Epiphyseal plates
What replaces old cartilage in a long bone?
Bony matrix
Which hormones control bone growth?
Growth hormone, calcitonin, and parathyroid hormone (PTH)
What happens to the epiphyseal plates during adolescence?
They convert to bone
When does growth in bone length end?
During adolescence
Which factors contribute to bone remodeling throughout life?
Blood calcium levels and pull of gravity
What causes bones to lengthen until growth stops?
Remodeling throughout life
Which of the following is NOT a factor that contributes to bone remodeling?
too much iron
Which hormone is released when blood calcium levels are low?
PTH
What is the function of osteoclasts?
To break down bone and release calcium ions in to the blood stream
What happens when blood calcium levels are high?
Calcitonin is released
Which type of bone fracture requires surgery to secure the bones with pins or wires?
Open reduction
What is the process called when bones are manually coaxed into position by a physician's hands?
Closed reduction
How are bone fractures treated?
By reduction and immobilization
During bone fracture repair, what is formed initially?
hematoma (blood-filled swelling) 1st step
What replaces the fibrocartilage callus during bone fracture repair?
Bony callus 3rd step
What occurs in response to mechanical stresses during bone fracture repair?
Bone remodeling last step.
Which type of fracture occurs when excessive twisting forces are applied to a bone?
Spiral
Which part of the body does the axial skeleton form?
Head
Which type of fracture occurs when broken bone ends are forced into each other?
Impacted
Which set of bones encloses the brain?
Cranium bones
What is the function of the facial bones?
Both holding eyes in anterior position and allowing facial muscles to express feelings
How are the bones joined in the skull?
By sutures
Which bone protects the brain located at the front of the skull?
Frontal bone
Which bones protect the brain located on the sides of the skull?
Temporal bones
Which bones protect the brain located at the back of the skull?
Occipital bone
Which bone is located at the back of the skull?
Occipital bone
Which bones form a pair in the skull?
Temporal bones
Which bone is NOT part of the skull?
Femur bone
Which bone is the only bone that does not articulate with another bone?
Mandible
What is the function of the hyoid bone?
It serves as a movable base for the tongue.
How many facial bones are paired?
12
Which of the following statements about the fetal skull is correct?
Fontanels allow skull compression during birth and brain growth during later pregnancy and infancy
What happens to fontanels (spacious squishy looking part located at the sutures) within 24 months after birth?
They convert to bone
How does the size of the fetal skull compare to the infant's total body length?
The fetal skull is larger compared to the infant's total body length 1/4th body size as compared to 1/8th
Which part of the body does the vertebral column extend from?
Skull to the pelvis
How many cervical vertebrae are there in the neck?
7
Which region of the body are the thoracic vertebrae associated with?
Chest
Which region of the body are the lumbar vertebrae associated with?
Lower back
How many cervical vertebrae are there?
7
What provides axial support and extends from the skull to the pelvis?
Vertebral column
Which part of the body does the vertebral column extend from?
Head to pelvis
How many single vertebral bones are there in the vertebral column?
24
Which region of the body is associated with the lumbar vertebrae?
Lower back
Which part of the skeleton is composed of 126 bones?
Limbs (appendages)
What is the function of the pectoral girdle?
To connect the upper limbs to the axial skeleton
What is the function of the pelvic girdle?
To support the weight of the body
Which part of the skeleton is composed of 126 bones?
Appendicular skeleton
What is the function of the pectoral girdle?
To provide attachment for the upper limbs
Which part of the body does the pelvic girdle belong to?
Appendicular skeleton
Which bones make up the pectoral (shoulder) girdle?
Scapula and clavicle
What is the function of the pectoral (shoulder) girdle?
To attach the upper limb to the axial skeleton
How many bones make up the pectoral (shoulder) girdle ( light poorly reinforced allows upper limb a great deal of freedom)?
2
Which bone in the forearm articulates with the capitulum of the humerus?
Radius
Which bone in the forearm is the medial bone in anatomical position?
Ulna
Which bone in the forearm has the coronoid process and olecranon for articulation with the humerus?
Ulna
Which bones are found in the wrist?
Carpals
How many bones are there in each finger?
3
How many bones are there in the thumb?
2
Which bones make up the wrist?
Carpals 8 total
How many metacarpal bones are there in each hand?
5
How many bones are there in each finger?
3
Which of the following bones is part of the pelvic girdle?
Ilium
Which bones make up the bony pelvis?
Ilium, ischium, and pubis + coccyx and sacrum (coxal bone includes ilium, etc)
The weight of the upper body rest on what bones?
Bones of the pelvic girdle
Which organs are protected by the pelvis?
Reproductive organs - female
Which part of the female pelvis is larger and more circular?
Inlet
Which part of the female pelvis is more rounded due to a greater angle?
Pubic arch
Which part of the female pelvis is shorter and less curved?
Sacrum
Which bone in the lower limb is the heaviest and strongest?
Femur
Where does the proximal end of the femur articulate?
With the acetabulum of the coxal (hip)bone
Which bones in the lower leg articulate with the lateral and medial condyles of the femur?
Tibia
Which bone in the lower leg has no role in forming the knee joint?
Fibula
Which bone in the lower leg is larger and medially oriented?
Tibia
Which bones in the lower leg articulate with the femur to form the knee joint?
Tibia
Which bones form the sole of the foot?
Metatarsals 5 of them
Which bone is known as the heel bone?
Calcaneus
How many bones form the toes?
14
Which of the following is a function of joints?
Both A and B
How are joints classified structurally?
Both C and A
Which type of joint is immovable?
Synarthroses
Which type of joint is slightly movable?
Amphiarthroses
Which type of joint is freely movable?
Diarthroses
Which type of joint is generally immovable?
Fibrous joints
Which type of joint is freely movable?
Synovial joints
Which type of joint is immovable or slightly movable?
Cartilaginous joints
Which type of joint is slightly movable?
Cartilaginous joint
Which type of joint is generally immovable?
Fibrous joint
Which joint is an example of a cartilaginous joint?
Pubic symphysis
Which type of joint is characterized by a joint cavity and synovial fluid?
Synovial joint
What are the four distinguishing features of synovial joints?
Articular cartilage, articular capsule, joint cavity, and reinforcing ligaments
Which structure is NOT actually part of a synovial joint?
Bursae
What is the function of bursae in a synovial joint?
To provide cushioning and reduce friction between bones
What is the role of synovial fluid in a synovial joint?
To provide cushioning and reduce friction between bones
Which type of synovial joint allows for movement in multiple directions, such as the thumb joint?
Condylar joint
Which type of synovial joint allows for rotation, such as the joint between the atlas and axis vertebrae?
Pivot joint
Which type of synovial joint allows for the greatest range of motion, such as the hip and shoulder joints?
Ball-and-socket joint
Which group is more affected by osteoporosis?
50 percent of women over age 65
What percentage of men over age 70 are affected by osteoporosis?
20 percent
What happens to the bones in osteoporosis?
They become fragile and easily fracture
During fetal development, long bones are formed primarily of which type of tissue?
Hyaline cartilage
At birth, which type of bone models are converted to bone?
Flat bones begin as fibrous cartilage
What is the function of fontanels in infants?
Allow brain growth and ease birth passage
Which cells eat up trapped bacteria from neutrophils and dead neutrophils?
Macrophages
Which cells are responsible for eating up trapped bacteria from neutrophils and dead neutrophils?
Macrophages
Test your knowledge of the skeletal system with this quiz! Learn about the two main subdivisions of the skeleton - the axial and appendicular skeleton - as well as the various parts that make up the skeletal system, including bones, joints, cartilages, and ligaments.
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