Skeletal System Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a part of the skeletal system?

  • Muscles (correct)
  • Cartilages
  • Joints
  • Bones

    • Which subdivision of the skeleton includes the bones of the limbs?

  • Cranial skeleton
  • Vertebral skeleton
  • Appendicular skeleton (correct)
  • Axial skeleton

    • What connects bones to other bones in the skeletal system?

  • Nerves
  • Muscles
  • Ligaments (correct)
  • Tendons

    • Which of the following is a function of bones?

    <p>Protect soft organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do bones store?

    <p>Calcium and phosphorus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the rib cage?

    <p>Protect thoracic cavity organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bone tissue is dense, smooth, and homogeneous?

    <p>Compact bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the texture of spongy bone?

    <p>Small needle-like pieces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many bones does the adult skeleton have?

    <p>206 bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bone is NOT classified based on shape?

    <p>Round bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is an example of a flat bone?

    <p>Scapula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bone is generally cube-shaped and contains mostly spongy bone?

    <p>Short bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are sesamoid bones?

    <p>Bones that form within tendons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a short bone?

    <p>Carpal &amp; tarsals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bone is thin, flattened, and usually curved?

    <p>Flat bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of a flat bone?

    <p>Two thin layers of compact bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of spongy bone in a flat bone?

    <p>To reduce the weight of the bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bones is an example of an irregular bone?

    <p>Vertebrae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic shape of irregular bones?

    <p>Irregular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bones does NOT fit into any other bone classification category?

    <p>Vertebrae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the long bone makes up most of its length?

    <p>Diaphysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outside covering of the diaphysis called?

    <p>Periosteum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What secures the periosteum to the underlying bone?

    <p>Perforating (Sharpey's) fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the long bone is composed mostly of spongy bone enclosed by a thin layer of compact bone?

    <p>Epiphysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What covers the external surface of the epiphysis and is made of hyaline cartilage?

    <p>Articular cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of long bone tissue decreases friction at joint surfaces?

    <p>Articular cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of a long bone is responsible for lengthwise growth?

    <p>Epiphyseal plate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is red marrow situated in adults?

    <p>In the cavities of spongy bone and epiphyses of some long bones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of marrow is found in the marrow cavity of adults?

    <p>Yellow marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is red bone marrow contained in infants?

    <p>The medullary canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of yellow marrow?

    <p>Fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of an osteon (Haversian system)?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are osteocytes situated within an osteon?

    <p>Lacunae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the concentric rings called in an osteon?

    <p>lamellae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the function of the central (Haversian) canal in a bone?

    <p>It carries blood vessels and nerves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the central (Haversian) canal located within an osteon?

    <p>In the middle of the osteon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What runs through the central (Haversian) canal in a bone?

    <p>Carries blood vessels and nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of canaliculi in bone?

    <p>To connect all bone cells to a nutrient supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which canal is perpendicular to the central canal and carries blood vessels and nerves?

    <p>Perforating (Volkmann’s) canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells are responsible for bone formation?

    <p>Osteoblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes the bone hard?

    <p>Calcium salts deposited in the matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of bone formation called?

    <p>Ossification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are responsible for bone formation?

    <p>Osteoblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the enclosed cartilage during the ossification process?

    <p>It is digested away</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is associated with osteoclasts in the ossification process?

    <p>PTH-Parathyroid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which regions in a long bone do not convert to bone by birth?

    <p>Both Articular cartilages and Epiphyseal plates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is new cartilage continuously formed in a long bone?

    <p>On the external face of both Articular cartilages and Epiphyseal plates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What replaces old cartilage in a long bone?

    <p>Bony matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormones control bone growth?

    <p>Growth hormone, calcitonin, and parathyroid hormone (PTH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the epiphyseal plates during adolescence?

    <p>They convert to bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does growth in bone length end?

    <p>During adolescence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factors contribute to bone remodeling throughout life?

    <p>Blood calcium levels and pull of gravity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes bones to lengthen until growth stops?

    <p>Remodeling throughout life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor that contributes to bone remodeling?

    <p>too much iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is released when blood calcium levels are low?

    <p>PTH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of osteoclasts?

    <p>To break down bone and release calcium ions in to the blood stream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when blood calcium levels are high?

    <p>Calcitonin is released</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bone fracture requires surgery to secure the bones with pins or wires?

    <p>Open reduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when bones are manually coaxed into position by a physician's hands?

    <p>Closed reduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are bone fractures treated?

    <p>By reduction and immobilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During bone fracture repair, what is formed initially?

    <p>hematoma (blood-filled swelling) 1st step</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What replaces the fibrocartilage callus during bone fracture repair?

    <p>Bony callus 3rd step</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs in response to mechanical stresses during bone fracture repair?

    <p>Bone remodeling last step.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fracture occurs when excessive twisting forces are applied to a bone?

    <p>Spiral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the body does the axial skeleton form?

    <p>Head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fracture occurs when broken bone ends are forced into each other?

    <p>Impacted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which set of bones encloses the brain?

    <p>Cranium bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the facial bones?

    <p>Both holding eyes in anterior position and allowing facial muscles to express feelings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the bones joined in the skull?

    <p>By sutures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone protects the brain located at the front of the skull?

    <p>Frontal bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bones protect the brain located on the sides of the skull?

    <p>Temporal bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bones protect the brain located at the back of the skull?

    <p>Occipital bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone is located at the back of the skull?

    <p>Occipital bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bones form a pair in the skull?

    <p>Temporal bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone is NOT part of the skull?

    <p>Femur bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone is the only bone that does not articulate with another bone?

    <p>Mandible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the hyoid bone?

    <p>It serves as a movable base for the tongue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many facial bones are paired?

    <p>12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the fetal skull is correct?

    <p>Fontanels allow skull compression during birth and brain growth during later pregnancy and infancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to fontanels (spacious squishy looking part located at the sutures) within 24 months after birth?

    <p>They convert to bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the size of the fetal skull compare to the infant's total body length?

    <p>The fetal skull is larger compared to the infant's total body length 1/4th body size as compared to 1/8th</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the body does the vertebral column extend from?

    <p>Skull to the pelvis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many cervical vertebrae are there in the neck?

    <p>7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of the body are the thoracic vertebrae associated with?

    <p>Chest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of the body are the lumbar vertebrae associated with?

    <p>Lower back</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many cervical vertebrae are there?

    <p>7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What provides axial support and extends from the skull to the pelvis?

    <p>Vertebral column</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the body does the vertebral column extend from?

    <p>Head to pelvis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many single vertebral bones are there in the vertebral column?

    <p>24</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of the body is associated with the lumbar vertebrae?

    <p>Lower back</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the skeleton is composed of 126 bones?

    <p>Limbs (appendages)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the pectoral girdle?

    <p>To connect the upper limbs to the axial skeleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the pelvic girdle?

    <p>To support the weight of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the skeleton is composed of 126 bones?

    <p>Appendicular skeleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the pectoral girdle?

    <p>To provide attachment for the upper limbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the body does the pelvic girdle belong to?

    <p>Appendicular skeleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bones make up the pectoral (shoulder) girdle?

    <p>Scapula and clavicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the pectoral (shoulder) girdle?

    <p>To attach the upper limb to the axial skeleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many bones make up the pectoral (shoulder) girdle ( light poorly reinforced allows upper limb a great deal of freedom)?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone in the forearm articulates with the capitulum of the humerus?

    <p>Radius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone in the forearm is the medial bone in anatomical position?

    <p>Ulna</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone in the forearm has the coronoid process and olecranon for articulation with the humerus?

    <p>Ulna</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bones are found in the wrist?

    <p>Carpals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many bones are there in each finger?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many bones are there in the thumb?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bones make up the wrist?

    <p>Carpals 8 total</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many metacarpal bones are there in each hand?

    <p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many bones are there in each finger?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bones is part of the pelvic girdle?

    <p>Ilium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bones make up the bony pelvis?

    <p>Ilium, ischium, and pubis + coccyx and sacrum (coxal bone includes ilium, etc)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The weight of the upper body rest on what bones?

    <p>Bones of the pelvic girdle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organs are protected by the pelvis?

    <p>Reproductive organs - female</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the female pelvis is larger and more circular?

    <p>Inlet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the female pelvis is more rounded due to a greater angle?

    <p>Pubic arch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the female pelvis is shorter and less curved?

    <p>Sacrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone in the lower limb is the heaviest and strongest?

    <p>Femur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the proximal end of the femur articulate?

    <p>With the acetabulum of the coxal (hip)bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bones in the lower leg articulate with the lateral and medial condyles of the femur?

    <p>Tibia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone in the lower leg has no role in forming the knee joint?

    <p>Fibula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone in the lower leg is larger and medially oriented?

    <p>Tibia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bones in the lower leg articulate with the femur to form the knee joint?

    <p>Tibia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bones form the sole of the foot?

    <p>Metatarsals 5 of them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone is known as the heel bone?

    <p>Calcaneus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many bones form the toes?

    <p>14</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of joints?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are joints classified structurally?

    <p>Both C and A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of joint is immovable?

    <p>Synarthroses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of joint is slightly movable?

    <p>Amphiarthroses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of joint is freely movable?

    <p>Diarthroses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of joint is generally immovable?

    <p>Fibrous joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of joint is freely movable?

    <p>Synovial joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of joint is immovable or slightly movable?

    <p>Cartilaginous joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of joint is slightly movable?

    <p>Cartilaginous joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of joint is generally immovable?

    <p>Fibrous joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint is an example of a cartilaginous joint?

    <p>Pubic symphysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of joint is characterized by a joint cavity and synovial fluid?

    <p>Synovial joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four distinguishing features of synovial joints?

    <p>Articular cartilage, articular capsule, joint cavity, and reinforcing ligaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is NOT actually part of a synovial joint?

    <p>Bursae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of bursae in a synovial joint?

    <p>To provide cushioning and reduce friction between bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of synovial fluid in a synovial joint?

    <p>To provide cushioning and reduce friction between bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of synovial joint allows for movement in multiple directions, such as the thumb joint?

    <p>Condylar joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of synovial joint allows for rotation, such as the joint between the atlas and axis vertebrae?

    <p>Pivot joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of synovial joint allows for the greatest range of motion, such as the hip and shoulder joints?

    <p>Ball-and-socket joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group is more affected by osteoporosis?

    <p>50 percent of women over age 65</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of men over age 70 are affected by osteoporosis?

    <p>20 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the bones in osteoporosis?

    <p>They become fragile and easily fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During fetal development, long bones are formed primarily of which type of tissue?

    <p>Hyaline cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At birth, which type of bone models are converted to bone?

    <p>Flat bones begin as fibrous cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of fontanels in infants?

    <p>Allow brain growth and ease birth passage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells eat up trapped bacteria from neutrophils and dead neutrophils?

    <p>Macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are responsible for eating up trapped bacteria from neutrophils and dead neutrophils?

    <p>Macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

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