Skeletal System Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which muscle is primarily responsible for flexing the upper arm?

  • Sternocleidomastoid
  • Pectoralis major (correct)
  • Rectus abdominis
  • Biceps branchii

    • The biceps branchii muscle is a type of parallel muscle.

    True

    What is the characteristic of muscles that run parallel to each other?

    They are made up of fibers that run parallel to each other.

    The _____ major muscle plays a key role in flexing the chest.

    <p>Pectoralis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following muscles with their classification:

    <p>Rectus abdominis = Parallel muscle Biceps branchii = Parallel muscle Sternocleidomastoid = Parallel muscle Pectoralis major = Major muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two proteins make up the basic contractile unit of muscle fibers?

    <p>Actin and Myosin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The sarcomere is the basic structural unit of muscle fibers.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What shape do the contractile fibers that surround certain muscles resemble?

    <p>Doughnut</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Muscles that are shaped like a fan or triangle and attach to a fixed bone are called __________ muscles.

    <p>convergent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of convergent muscles?

    <p>Circular-ring-shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Contractile units only exist in skeletal muscles.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the basic contractile unit responsible for muscle contraction?

    <p>Sarcomere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the types of muscle to their characteristics:

    <p>Skeletal = Voluntary control and striated Smooth = Involuntary control and non-striated Cardiac = Involuntary control and striated Convergent = Fan-shaped muscle with a fixed origin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle type is characterized by fibers on one side of the tendon?

    <p>Unipennate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The gastrocnemius muscle is a unipennate muscle.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to muscles when they contract?

    <p>They shorten in length and increase in diameter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The muscle fibers of the _______________ have a greater range of motion and joint velocity.

    <p>fusiform</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle increases diameter upon contraction?

    <p>Gastrocnemius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fascicles in a multipennate muscle insert on multiple tendons that taper toward a common tendon.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ leads to greater movement in muscles, enhancing performance.

    <p>joint velocity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is NOT part of the rotator cuff?

    <p>Teres Major</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The rectus muscles of the eye include the lateral, medial, superior, and inferior rectus.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the muscle that functions to elevate the eyelid.

    <p>Levator palpebrae superioris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The muscle responsible for lateral movement of the eye is the __________.

    <p>lateral rectus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following muscles with their primary functions:

    <p>Supraspinatus = Abduction of the arm Infraspinatus = External rotation of the shoulder Teres Minor = External rotation of the arm Subscapularis = Internal rotation of the arm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the stapedius muscle?

    <p>Regulate sound transmission in the middle ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The trochlea is the structure that allows for the movement of the superior oblique muscle.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify the muscle that is primarily responsible for moving the eye upward.

    <p>Superior rectus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of shape does the scapulae have?

    <p>Long and slender</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cranial bones have a smooth surface.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one example of a complex bone shape.

    <p>Limbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ribs and sternum are examples of _____ bones.

    <p>flat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature do the cranial bones exhibit?

    <p>Irregular and rough</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following bone types with their characteristics:

    <p>Flat bones = Thin and smooth Irregular bones = Complex shape Long bones = Long and slender Short bones = Approximately equal in length and width</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The size, shape, and number of bones are consistent across all individuals.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining characteristic of irregular bones?

    <p>Complex shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What shape is the pelvic bone classified as?

    <p>Flat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The vertebrae are shaped like small boxy structures.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What connects the head to the diaphysis?

    <p>neck of the bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _____ joint is formed by the connection between wrists and ankles.

    <p>tendons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following bone shapes with their descriptions:

    <p>Small and boxy = Vertebrae Flat and dense = Pelvis Cubic = Carpals Long and slender = Femur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bones are typically described as resembling sesame seeds?

    <p>Wrist bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Osteons form the outer layer of long bones.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bones in the hands and feet are primarily _____ shaped.

    <p>small</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Skeletal System

    • Sarcomere: Basic contractile unit of muscle fibers, containing actin and myosin protein filaments.
    • Contractile Fibers: Muscles responsible for movement. Classified by shape:
      • Circular: Ring-shaped, like the muscles surrounding the mouth.
      • Convergent: Fan-shaped or triangular, attaching to a fixed bone, with fascicles converging at a single joint (e.g., pectoralis major).
      • Parallel: Muscles with fibers running parallel to each other, shortening in length and increasing in diameter when contracted (e.g. rectus abdominis).
      • Unipennate: Muscle fibers are on one side of the tendon (e.g., extensor digitorum longus).
      • Multipennate: Muscle fibers insert on multiple tendons, tapering towards a common tendon (e.g. deltoid).
      • Fusiform: Spindle-shaped, with a wider belly and tapered ends (e.g., biceps brachii).
      • Bipennate: Muscle fibers that have fibers on two sides of the tendon (e.g., rectus femoris).

    ### Bone Types

    • Long Bones: Elongated, with a shaft (diaphysis) and ends (epiphyses). Examples include the humerus, femur, radius, and ulna.
    • Flat Bones: Thin, and flat, often curved. Examples include the parietal bones of the skull and the ribs.
    • Short Bones: Roughly cube-shaped. Examples include carpal bones (wrist) and tarsal bones (ankle).
    • Irregular Bones: Complex shapes, not fitting any other category. Examples include vertebrae and facial bones.
    • Sesamoid Bones: Small, flat bones embedded within tendons. Examples include the patella.

    Bone Structure and Function

    • Compact Bone: Dense, outer layer of bones, providing strength and support.
    • Spongy Bone: Porous, inner layer of bones, helping with bone weight distribution and the creation of bone marrow.
    • Bone Markings: Processes (projections) and depressions, serving as points of attachment for muscles or joints. Examples include condyles, epicondyles, and facets.

    Additional Details

    • Axial skeleton: Skull, vertebral column, ribs, sternum (80 bones)
    • Appendicular skeleton: Bones of the limbs, shoulders and hips (126 bones)
    • Axial/Appendicular: Total 206 bones in the body.

    ### Muscles of the Upper Body

    • Temporalis: Jaw muscle.
    • Orbicularis Oculi: Muscle responsible for closing eyes.
    • Masseter: Jaw muscle.
    • Mentalis: Raises and wrinkles the chin.
    • Platysma: Stretches the skin of the lower face and neck.
    • Deltoid: Shoulder muscle.
    • Pectoralis Major: Upper chest muscle.

    Muscles of the Lower Body

    • Gluteus Maximus: A major muscle in the buttocks.
    • Gastrocnemius: Calf muscle (lower leg).
    • Biceps femoris: Thigh muscle.
    • Semitendinosus: Thigh muscle.
    • Semimembranosus: Thigh muscle.

    Eye Muscles

    • Superior rectus: Elevates the eye (upward movement).
    • Inferior rectus: Depresses the eye (downward movement).
    • Lateral rectus: Abducts the eye (sideways movement).
    • Medial rectus: Adducts the eye (sideways movement).
    • Superior oblique: Depresses and abducts the eye.
    • Inferior oblique: Elevates and abducts the eye.

    Ear Bones

    • Malleus: Hammer-shaped bone in the middle ear.
    • Incus: Anvil-shaped bone in the middle ear.
    • Stapes: Stirrup-shaped bone in the middle ear.

    ### Other Details

    • Rotator cuff: A group of muscles that hold the shoulder joint in place. It includes: Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres minor & Subscapularis.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the skeletal system, including the basic contractile unit of muscle fibers known as sarcomeres and various classifications of muscle fibers. This quiz covers different shapes and functions of muscles crucial for movement. Dive into the intricacies of human anatomy with this engaging quiz!

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