Skeletal System Quiz

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the skeletal system related to soft tissues?

Providing a framework that supports and protects (correct)

Facilitating digestion of nutrients

Healing and repairing damaged tissues

Generating energy for cellular functions

Which layer of bone is primarily responsible for the strength of bones?

Spongy bone

Endosteum

Compact bone (correct)

Articular cartilage

What type of marrow is responsible for the production of blood cells?

White marrow

Green marrow

Yellow marrow

Red marrow (correct)

Which part of a long bone refers specifically to the ends of the bone?

Epiphysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the periosteum in bone structure?

It covers the outer surface of the bone Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the bone contains primarily fat in adults?

Medullary cavity Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of mineral homeostasis in skeletal tissue?

To serve as a reserve for ions like calcium Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of hyaline cartilage in the development of long bones during fetal development?

It acts as a template for bone shape. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs to cartilage cells at the epiphyses when adult height is reached?

The cartilage cells cease to divide. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bone is primarily responsible for protecting vital organs by being curved and flexible?

Flat bones Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of irregular bones?

They are crucial for support and protection of the central nervous system. Signup and view all the answers

What defines the changes in the skeleton throughout life?

Calcium deposit and dissolution processes occur continuously. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bones is classified as a short bone?

Carpals Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the ossification process as an animal ages?

Building processes slow down but never stop. Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining feature of pneumatic bones?

They contain air-filled cavities. Signup and view all the answers

In long bone development, what specific role do calcium deposits play?

They convert the cartilage to bone in endochondral ossification. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly identifies a characteristic unique to pigs' skulls?

Unique bone in the nose known as os rostri Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary division of the skeleton that includes the skull and vertebral column?

Axial skeleton Signup and view all the answers

In the classification of bones, which type specifically develops in tendons to enhance leverage?

Sesamoid bones Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the ribs in relation to the sternum?

There is one more pair of sternal ribs than sternebrae. Signup and view all the answers

Which species is characterized by the absence of upper dental incisors in its skull?

Polled cattle Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bones is classified under the splanchnic skeleton?

Os cordis Signup and view all the answers

What unique feature is associated with the skull of the horse?

Facial crest in the maxilla Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly matches the number of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae in horses?

C7 T18 L6 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the orbit in the skull of pigs?

It is partially complete. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Skeletal System

Refers to the framework of hard structures (bones and cartilages) that supports and protects soft tissues in animals.
The skeleton provides support to the body and serves as levers for locomotion.
The skeleton protects soft parts of the body.

Bone

Primary skeletal tissue.
Involved in mineral homeostasis (calcium, phosphate, and other ions).
Provides support and makes red blood cells

Structure of a Bone

Epiphysis: Refers to the end of a long bone.
Diaphysis: The cylindrical shaft of a long bone that lies between the two epiphyses.
Articular cartilage: Thin layer of cartilage covering the articular surface of a bone.
Medullary cavity: Space within the diaphysis that houses bone marrow.
Nutrient foramen: Small openings in the bone that allow blood vessels to enter and leave.
Endosteum: Fibrous membrane lining the marrow cavity.
Periosteum: Tough, fibrous membrane covering the outer surface of a bone (except where articular cartilage is).

Compact Bone

Dense outer layer of bone.
Composed of cells in a hard matrix of protein fibers and minerals like calcium.
Provides amazing strength to bones.

Spongy Bone

Middle layer of the bone.
Consists of a variety of cell types in a matrix of mineralized protein fibers.
In adults, spongy bone contains red marrow.

Medullary Cavity and Bone Marrow

Inner layer in the shaft of a long bone.
Inner portion of other bones.
Houses yellow marrow primarily composed of fat.
Houses red marrow—the site of hematopoiesis (blood cell production).

How the Skeleton Develops

Long bones in a fetus form from hyaline cartilage.
Bone shape mirrors cartilage shape and serves as a template.
Calcium deposits onto the cartilage during endochondral ossification, causing calcification.
Ossification and bone growth occur simultaneously as animals grow.
Epiphyses, at the ends of certain bones, are the primary growth areas.
Bone stops growing in length when cartilage cells in the epiphyses stop dividing.
Bone development continues throughout life through a constant process of mineral deposition and dissolving, and cell birth, growth, and death.
Cartilage building slows but never stops with age.

Classifying Bones

Long bones: Longer than wide. Provide rigidity to support and enable movement. Example—femur, humerus
Short bones: Cube-shaped. Protect long bones and cushion shock; diminish friction. Example—carpals, tarsals
Flat bones: Relatively thin, flat, and usually curved. Protect vital organs. Example—scapula, pelvis, skull
Irregular bones: Have no uniformity in development. Support and protect the central nervous system. Example—vertebrae
Pneumatic bones: Found in birds. Lined by mucous membrane, rather than marrow, and communicate with the respiratory system.
Aberrant long bones: Ribs cannot be included in these.
Sesamoid bones: Developed in tendons to increase leverage. Example—patella, navicular bone

Parts of the Skeleton

Axial skeleton: Skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum.
Appendicular skeleton: Bones of the limbs and bones connecting the limbs to the axial skeleton.
Splanchnic skeleton: Bones associated with visceral organs (e.g., os cordis in cattle, os rostri in pigs).

Specific animal skulls (Axial skeleton)

Horse: Facial crest in the maxilla. Complete orbit. Upper incisors.
Cattle (Polled): Facial tuber in the maxilla. Absence of upper dental incisors. Complete orbit
Pig: Unique bone in the nose—os rostri. Incomplete orbit.

Vertebral Column

Number of vertebrae varies by species. Examples given.

Ribs

General descriptions of rib features (e.g., neck, head, angle)
Number of ribs in different species (given in tabular form).

Sternum

Number of sternal ribs and asternals in different species (given in tabular form).

Forelimbs/Hindlimbs

List bones for given species.

Skeletal systems of different animals

Connective Tissue

Ligaments connect bone to bone.
Tendons attach muscle to bone.
Three types of cartilage (hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage) are found in the body.
Hyaline cushions joints.
Elastic cartilage forms body parts like ears.
Fibrocartilage cushions joints.
Fascia is found between skin and underlying muscles/bones. Divided into two layers—superficial—and deep.

Joints

Articulations (unions) between bones.
Three types: fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial.
Can be highly movable (e.g., shoulder)
Partially movable (e.g., ribs)
Immovable (e.g., suture joints of the skull).
Synovial joints allow the greatest range of movement (e.g., gliding, flexion, extension, hyperextension, rotation, abduction, adduction, circumduction).

Synovial Joint

Structure (ligament, synovial membrane, synovial cavity, meniscus, articular cartilage, epiphysis, bone)

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your knowledge on the skeletal system with this quiz. Explore the functions of bones, types of marrow, and the role of cartilage in bone development. Perfect for students studying human anatomy or biology.