3.3 Skeletal System 2
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Questions and Answers

How many total bones are in the axial skeleton?

  • 120
  • 80 (correct)
  • 206
  • 24

    • Which of the following is NOT part of the skull?

  • Hyoid (correct)
  • Cranium
  • Auditory ossicles
  • Face

    • How many ribs are in the thoracic cage?

  • 24 (correct)
  • 20
  • 26
  • 22

    • What is the total number of vertebrae in the human body?

    <p>24</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone is considered part of the associated bones of the skull?

    <p>Hyoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the skeleton is primarily made up of the sternum and ribs?

    <p>Axial skeleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the hyoid bone?

    <p>Facilitates tongue movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many bones are included in the appendicular skeleton?

    <p>126</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the axial skeleton?

    <p>Support and protect organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many bones are included in the axial skeleton?

    <p>80</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bones is NOT part of the axial skeleton?

    <p>Femur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of the vertebral column contains the most vertebrae?

    <p>Thoracic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between true ribs and false ribs?

    <p>True ribs connect directly to the sternum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cranial bones?

    <p>House and protect the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the vertebral column develops primarily to accommodate organs?

    <p>Sacral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many cervical vertebrae are typically found in the adult vertebral column?

    <p>7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of intervertebral disks in the vertebral column?

    <p>Absorb shocks between vertebrae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key function of the thoracic cage?

    <p>Protect internal organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT part of the vertebral column?

    <p>Sternum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which section of the vertebral column develops after an individual learns to stand?

    <p>Lumbar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure provides a location for the spinal cord within the vertebral column?

    <p>Vertebral canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the ribs and sternum?

    <p>They absorb shocks and support breathing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What bones make up the upper limbs?

    <p>Humerus, radius, and ulna.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is primarily responsible for connecting the arms to the body?

    <p>Pectoral girdle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many carpal bones are found in the wrist?

    <ol start="8"> <li></li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bones is part of the pelvic girdle?

    <p>Ossa coxae.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the female pelvis from the male pelvis?

    <p>It has a greater angle of opening.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding the axial skeleton?

    <p>It protects the internal organs and supports the head and body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of ribs are classified as true ribs?

    <p>Ribs 1-7.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone is considered the longest and heaviest in the human body?

    <p>Femur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The forearm comprises which of the following bones?

    <p>Radius and ulna.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Skeletal System

    • There are 206 bones in the adult human skeletal system
      • The axial skeleton has 80 bones
      • The appendicular skeleton has 126 bones

    Axial Skeleton

    • The axial skeleton consists of the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage
    • The skull has 22 bones in total
      • 8 cranial bones which house and protect the brain
      • 14 facial bones that provide shape for the face
      • The skull and associated bones have 29 bones
    • The vertebral column has 26 bones
      • 24 vertebrae
      • 1 sacrum
      • 1 coccyx
    • The hyoid bone is an independent bone in the neck, not attached to any other bone
    • The thoracic cage consists of
      • The sternum (breastbone)
      • 24 ribs
      • 24 vertebrae
    • The axial skeleton provides support and protection for internal organs and serves as an attachment point for muscles involved in head and neck movements and respiration

    Vertebral Column

    • The vertebral column is also known as the spine
    • It protects the spinal cord, supports the head and body, and has 4 spinal curves
      • The cervical curve develops after standing and balancing
      • The thoracic curve is primary and accommodates organs
      • The lumbar curve develops after standing
      • The sacral curve is primary and accommodates organs
    • The vertebral column has 26 bones:
      • 7 cervical vertebrae: neck
      • 12 thoracic vertebrae: upper back, each articulates with one or more pairs of ribs
      • 5 lumbar vertebrae: lower back
      • 1 sacrum: articulates with the 5th lumbar vertebra
      • 1 coccyx: articulates with the sacrum
    • Intervertebral discs are pads of fibrocartilage that separate the vertebral bodies and absorb shocks
    • The vertebral canal encloses the spinal cord, and vertebral foraminae are gaps between adjacent vertebrae allowing nerve connections

    Thoracic Cage

    • The thoracic cage supports the thoracic cavity, protects organs, and attaches muscles involved in respiration, pectoral girdle, upper limbs, and the vertebral column
    • The thoracic cage consists of:
      • Thoracic vertebrae
      • Ribs and costal cartilages
      • Sternum (breastbone)
      • It is flexible and mobile, allowing for breathing with its ability to change width and depth
      • The sternum is a flat bone in the midline of the thoracic wall, with the xiphoid process attaching to the diaphragm and rectus abdominus

    Appendicular Skeleton

    • The appendicular skeleton includes all bones not part of the axial skeleton, specifically the limbs and their supportive girdles. It allows for movement and manipulation of objects

    Pectoral Girdle

    • The pectoral girdle, also called the shoulder girdle, connects the arms to the body
    • It positions the shoulders and provides a base for arm movement
    • It consists of:
      • 2 clavicles
      • 2 scapulae
    • The pectoral girdle connects with the axial skeleton only at the manubrium

    Upper Limbs

    • The upper limbs include the arms, forearms, wrists, and hands
    • The humerus is the single bone in the arm (brachium)
    • They forearm (antebrachium) consists of two long bones:
      • Ulna (medial)
      • Radius (lateral)
    • The wrist has 8 carpal bones, 4 proximal and 4 distal, allowing for bending and twisting

    Pelvic Girdle

    • The pelvic girdle is made up of two hipbones (ossa coxae)
    • It is strong to bear body weight and the stress of movement
    • It forms part of the pelvis

    Male and Female Pelvis

    • The female pelvis is smoother, lighter, with less prominent muscle/ligament attachments and a greater angle of opening compared to the male pelvis

    Lower Limbs

    • The lower limbs are responsible for weight bearing and motion
    • Major bones include:
      • Femur (thigh)
      • Patella (kneecap)
      • Tibia and fibula (leg)
      • Tarsals (ankle)
      • Metatarsals (foot)
      • Phalanges (toes)
    • The femur is the longest and heaviest bone in the body

    Summary

    • The axial skeleton supports the head and body, protects internal organs
      • It includes the vertebral column, vertebral structure, and thoracic cage
    • The appendicular skeleton is responsible for movement
      • It includes the pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, arms, and legs

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    Bio10004 Anatomy and Physiology 2021 Past Paper PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge about the human skeletal system, including the axial and appendicular skeletons. This quiz covers details about the number of bones, their classifications, and functions within the body. Challenge yourself and learn more about the essential framework of our bodies!

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