Skeletal System Overview

Skeletal System

Overview

• The skeletal system is a complex system of 206 bones that provide support, protection, and movement for the body.
• It is comprised of bones, cartilages, and ligaments.

Functions

• Support: provides a framework for the body, allowing it to maintain its shape and providing attachment points for muscles.
• Protection: protects internal organs, such as the heart, lungs, and brain.
• Movement: allows for movement through the contraction and relaxation of muscles attached to bones.
• Blood cell production: the bones in the skeletal system are responsible for producing blood cells.
• Storage of minerals: bones act as a storage site for minerals such as calcium and phosphorus.

Divisions of the Skeletal System

• Axial skeleton: consists of the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum.
• Appendicular skeleton: consists of the upper and lower limbs, pelvis, and shoulder girdle.

Types of Bones

• Long bones: characterized by a shaft (diaphysis) and two ends (epiphyses). Examples: femur, humerus.
• Short bones: cube-shaped bones that provide support and stability. Examples: carpals, tarsals.
• Flat bones: thin, flat bones that provide protection and support. Examples: ribs, sternum.
• Irregular bones: bones that do not fit into any other category. Examples: vertebrae, pelvis.

Joints

• Types of joints:
  • Synovial joints: freely movable joints with a space between the bones. Examples: knee, elbow.
  • Cartilaginous joints: joints connected by cartilage. Examples: spine, ribcage.
  • Fibrous joints: joints connected by fibrous connective tissue. Examples: skull bones.
• Types of joint movements:
  • Flexion: bending movement.
  • Extension: straightening movement.
  • Abduction: movement away from the midline.
  • Adduction: movement towards the midline.
  • Rotation: rotational movement.