Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a purpose of the skeletal system?
Which of the following is NOT a purpose of the skeletal system?
Which type of bone is characterized by being longer than it is wide?
Which type of bone is characterized by being longer than it is wide?
Where is cancellous (spongy) bone primarily located?
Where is cancellous (spongy) bone primarily located?
Which of the following bones is an example of a short bone?
Which of the following bones is an example of a short bone?
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Which part of a long bone is primarily responsible for protecting the bone's inner cavity?
Which part of a long bone is primarily responsible for protecting the bone's inner cavity?
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What type of bone is classified as having a mixed shape?
What type of bone is classified as having a mixed shape?
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Which type of bone tissue is tightly packed and primarily found in the shafts of long bones?
Which type of bone tissue is tightly packed and primarily found in the shafts of long bones?
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Which of the following accurately describes flat bones?
Which of the following accurately describes flat bones?
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What term describes the spaces found in cancellous (spongy) bone?
What term describes the spaces found in cancellous (spongy) bone?
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Which of the following statements about the axial skeleton is true?
Which of the following statements about the axial skeleton is true?
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Study Notes
Skeletal System Overview
- The skeletal system comprises the axial and appendicular skeletons.
- The axial skeleton forms the central core (head, neck, and trunk) and contains approximately 80 bones.
- The appendicular skeleton comprises the upper and lower extremities and is attached to the axial skeleton. It contains approximately 126 bones.
Purposes of the Skeletal System
- Provides support for soft tissues
- Provides a framework for shape and support
- Protects vital organs
- Provides levers for body movements
- Produces red blood cells (typically in flat bones)
- Stores calcium and mineral salts
Bone Classification
- Long bones: Longer than wide (e.g., femur, humerus).
- Short bones: Equal in length and width (e.g., carpals, tarsals).
- Flat bones: Thin, broad surfaces (e.g., ribs, scapulae).
- Irregular bones: Varying shapes (e.g., vertebrae, facial bones).
Sesamoid Bones
- Small, located within tendons where tendons cross the end of long bones.
- Protect tendons from excessive wear.
- Examples include patellae (kneecaps) ,bones in the great toe and thumb.
Wormian Bones
- Small bones sometimes found in sutures (joints) of the skull.
Structure of a Long Bone
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Epiphysis: End of the bone
- Contains spongy bone in adults and cartilage in children.
- Covered by articular cartilage.
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Diaphysis: Main shaft of the bone
- Primarily compact bone.
- Contains a hollow medullary canal filled with bone marrow.
- Periosteum: Fibrous membrane covering the entire bone (except articular surfaces). Serves as an attachment point for tendons and ligaments.
- Medullary Cavity: Hollow space within the diaphysis containing bone marrow.
- Endosteum: Thin membrane lining the inner surface of the bone within the medullary cavity.
Compact and Spongy Bone
- Compact bone: Dense, tightly packed tissue primarily in the shaft/diaphysis of long bones. Composed of osteons.
- Spongy bone: Latticework of bony bars and plates (trabeculae) found in the epiphysis and inside other bones.
Bone Formation
- Begins as a cartilaginous model.
- Replaced by bone, starting in the diaphysis and growing towards the epiphyses.
- Epiphyseal plate (growth plate) in children allows bone to lengthen.
- Wolff's Law : Bones adapt to the stresses they encounter.
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Description
Explore the essential components of the skeletal system, including the axial and appendicular skeletons. Understand the purposes of bones and their classifications, from long to irregular bones. This quiz will deepen your knowledge of human anatomy.
