Questions and Answers
What type of bone tissue contains few spaces between osteons?
What are the structures of the osteon?
Osteon, Lamellae, Central (Haversian) canal, Perforating (Volkmann's) canal, Lacunae, Osteocytes, Canaliculi, Periosteum, Endosteum.
Which type of bone tissue consists of an irregular latticework of thin plates called trabeculae?
What is an osteon?
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What are lamellae?
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What is the function of the central Haversian canal?
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What is a perforating (Volkmann's) canal?
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What are lacunae?
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What are osteocytes?
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What are canaliculi?
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What is the periosteum?
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What is the endosteum?
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What are the types of bone shapes?
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What defines a long bone?
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What is a short bone?
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What are flat bones?
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What defines an irregular bone?
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What are the structures of a long bone?
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What is the diaphysis?
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What is the epiphysis?
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What is the epiphyseal plate/line?
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What is the medullary cavity?
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What is red bone marrow?
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What types of tissues make up the skeletal system?
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What is an osteoblast?
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What is an osteoclast?
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Study Notes
Bone Tissue Types
- Compact Bone: Dense bone tissue with few spaces, forming the outer layer of all bones and the main structure of long bones.
- Spongy Bone: Composed of trabeculae (thin plates) creating an irregular lattice; contains red bone marrow in the spaces, found in flat, short, and irregular bones as well as in the epiphyses of long bones.
Osteon Structure
- Osteon (Haversian System): The fundamental structural unit of compact bone featuring a central canal surrounded by concentric lamellae.
- Lamellae: Concentric rings of hard, calcified extracellular matrix in compact bone.
- Central (Haversian) Canal: Contains blood vessels and nerves, running longitudinally through the center of osteons.
- Perforating (Volkmann's) Canal: Connects blood vessels and nerves from periosteum to the interior of compact bone.
- Lacunae: Small spaces within bone tissue that house osteocytes.
- Osteocytes: Mature bone cells located in lacunae, responsible for monitoring and maintaining the bone matrix.
- Canaliculi: Small channels connecting lacunae for nutrient exchange between osteocytes.
- Periosteum: A connective tissue layer covering bones, crucial for growth, repair, and nutrition.
- Endosteum: Lines the medullary cavity, contains osteogenic cells and osteoclasts.
Bone Classifications
- Long Bones: Characterized by a diaphysis (shaft) and two epiphyses (ends); examples include humerus and phalanges.
- Short Bones: Roughly cube-shaped, such as carpals.
- Flat Bones: Typically thin and curved; include skull bones, sternum, ribs, and scapulae.
- Irregular Bones: Have complex shapes that do not fit other categories; examples include vertebrae and pelvic bones.
Long Bone Anatomy
- Diaphysis: The shaft region of long bones.
- Epiphysis: The ends of long bones, usually with a larger diameter than the diaphysis.
- Epiphyseal Plate/Line: Site of lengthwise growth in bones during development; becomes a line after growth has ceased.
- Medullary Cavity: Space within the diaphysis, filled with yellow bone marrow.
- Red Bone Marrow: Highly vascularized tissue found between trabeculae in spongy bone.
Skeletal System Composition
- Composed of various tissues including osseous tissue, epithelial tissue, dense irregular collagenous tissue, and adipose tissue.
Bone Cells
- Osteoblast: Cells that form new bone by secreting organic components and inorganic salts, derived from osteogenic cells.
- Osteoclast: Large multinucleated cells responsible for resorbing or breaking down bone matrix.
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Description
Test your understanding of the skeletal system with these flashcards focused on osteons and compact bone tissue. Learn the key structures and definitions related to bone composition and function. Perfect for anatomy students looking to reinforce their knowledge.