Skeletal System: Osteon Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What type of bone tissue contains few spaces between osteons?

Spongy (cancellous)

Flat

Compact (dense) (correct)

Irregular

What are the structures of the osteon?

Osteon, Lamellae, Central (Haversian) canal, Perforating (Volkmann's) canal, Lacunae, Osteocytes, Canaliculi, Periosteum, Endosteum.

Which type of bone tissue consists of an irregular latticework of thin plates called trabeculae?

Flat bone

Spongy (cancellous) bone (correct)

Long bone

Compact bone

What is an osteon?

The basic unit of structure in adult compact bone. Signup and view all the answers

What are lamellae?

Concentric rings of hard, calcified extracellular matrix found in compact bone. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the central Haversian canal?

It contains blood and lymphatic vessels and nerves. Signup and view all the answers

What is a perforating (Volkmann's) canal?

A minute passageway for blood vessels and nerves from the periosteum into compact bone. Signup and view all the answers

What are lacunae?

Small hollow spaces in bones where the osteocytes lie. Signup and view all the answers

What are osteocytes?

Mature osteoblasts that monitor and maintain the bone matrix. Signup and view all the answers

What are canaliculi?

Small channels or canals in bones that connect lacunae. Signup and view all the answers

What is the periosteum?

The covering of a bone consisting of connective tissue, osteogenic cells, and osteoblasts. Signup and view all the answers

What is the endosteum?

The membrane that lines the medullary cavity of bones. Signup and view all the answers

What are the types of bone shapes?

Long, short, flat, irregular Signup and view all the answers

What defines a long bone?

A bone that has a well-defined shaft and two well-defined ends. Signup and view all the answers

What is a short bone?

A type of bone that is roughly cube-shaped. Signup and view all the answers

What are flat bones?

Thin, usually curved bones located in the skull, sternum, ribs, and scapulae. Signup and view all the answers

What defines an irregular bone?

A bone that has a complex shape that does not fit into other categories. Signup and view all the answers

What are the structures of a long bone?

Diaphysis, Epiphysis, Epiphyseal Plate/Line, Medullary Cavity, Bone Marrow. Signup and view all the answers

What is the diaphysis?

The shaft of the long bone. Signup and view all the answers

What is the epiphysis?

The end of the long bones, usually larger in diameter than the shaft. Signup and view all the answers

What is the epiphyseal plate/line?

A hyaline cartilage plate in the metaphysis of a long bone, site of lengthwise growth. Signup and view all the answers

What is the medullary cavity?

The space within the diaphysis of a bone that contains yellow bone marrow. Signup and view all the answers

What is red bone marrow?

A highly vascularized connective tissue located between trabeculae of spongy bone. Signup and view all the answers

What types of tissues make up the skeletal system?

Osseous tissue, epithelial tissue, dense irregular collagenous tissue, and adipose tissue. Signup and view all the answers

What is an osteoblast?

A cell formed from an osteogenic cell that participates in bone formation. Signup and view all the answers

What is an osteoclast?

A large, multinuclear cell that resorbs (destroys) bone matrix. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Bone Tissue Types

Compact Bone: Dense bone tissue with few spaces, forming the outer layer of all bones and the main structure of long bones.
Spongy Bone: Composed of trabeculae (thin plates) creating an irregular lattice; contains red bone marrow in the spaces, found in flat, short, and irregular bones as well as in the epiphyses of long bones.

Osteon Structure

Osteon (Haversian System): The fundamental structural unit of compact bone featuring a central canal surrounded by concentric lamellae.
Lamellae: Concentric rings of hard, calcified extracellular matrix in compact bone.
Central (Haversian) Canal: Contains blood vessels and nerves, running longitudinally through the center of osteons.
Perforating (Volkmann's) Canal: Connects blood vessels and nerves from periosteum to the interior of compact bone.
Lacunae: Small spaces within bone tissue that house osteocytes.
Osteocytes: Mature bone cells located in lacunae, responsible for monitoring and maintaining the bone matrix.
Canaliculi: Small channels connecting lacunae for nutrient exchange between osteocytes.
Periosteum: A connective tissue layer covering bones, crucial for growth, repair, and nutrition.
Endosteum: Lines the medullary cavity, contains osteogenic cells and osteoclasts.

Bone Classifications

Long Bones: Characterized by a diaphysis (shaft) and two epiphyses (ends); examples include humerus and phalanges.
Short Bones: Roughly cube-shaped, such as carpals.
Flat Bones: Typically thin and curved; include skull bones, sternum, ribs, and scapulae.
Irregular Bones: Have complex shapes that do not fit other categories; examples include vertebrae and pelvic bones.

Long Bone Anatomy

Diaphysis: The shaft region of long bones.
Epiphysis: The ends of long bones, usually with a larger diameter than the diaphysis.
Epiphyseal Plate/Line: Site of lengthwise growth in bones during development; becomes a line after growth has ceased.
Medullary Cavity: Space within the diaphysis, filled with yellow bone marrow.
Red Bone Marrow: Highly vascularized tissue found between trabeculae in spongy bone.

Skeletal System Composition

Composed of various tissues including osseous tissue, epithelial tissue, dense irregular collagenous tissue, and adipose tissue.

Bone Cells

Osteoblast: Cells that form new bone by secreting organic components and inorganic salts, derived from osteogenic cells.
Osteoclast: Large multinucleated cells responsible for resorbing or breaking down bone matrix.

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Description

Test your understanding of the skeletal system with these flashcards focused on osteons and compact bone tissue. Learn the key structures and definitions related to bone composition and function. Perfect for anatomy students looking to reinforce their knowledge.