Skeletal System Functions Quiz

The skeletal system provides vital support, protection, movement, mineral storage, and blood cell production for the body.

Long bones have a diaphysis (shaft) and epiphyses (ends).

A smooth layer of cartilage covering the epiphyses, allowing for easy joint movement and shock absorption.

The hollow space within the diaphysis of a long bone, filled with bone marrow.

Red bone marrow, responsible for blood cell production, is largely replaced by yellow bone marrow, which stores fat.

The rounded end of a long bone. It's where the bone connects to other bones to form joints.

The long, straight shaft of a long bone. It provides strength and support.

The porous, inner layer of bone. This is where red bone marrow is found.

The dense, outer layer of bone. It makes the bone hard and strong.

The tough, fibrous membrane covering the outside of the bone. It helps with bone growth and repair.

A cylinder-shaped unit that makes up compact bone, containing concentric circles of lamellae.

A mature bone cell that maintains the bone matrix and helps with bone repair.

The appendicular skeleton consists of the bones of the limbs, including the shoulders and hips. It allows for movement and interaction with the environment.

Fibrous joints are immovable or slightly movable joints held together by tough fibrous connective tissue. They provide stability and strength.

Synovial joints are highly movable joints that allow for a wide range of motion. They have a joint capsule filled with synovial fluid, which lubricates the joint and reduces friction.

Ligaments are strong bands of fibrous connective tissue that connect bones to other bones. They provide stability and limit excessive joint movement.

The shoulder joint is a ball-and-socket joint, allowing for a wide range of movement in all directions.

The process by which cartilage is replaced by bone tissue, primarily through the deposition of calcium and minerals.

Cells responsible for building and maintaining bone tissue by depositing bone matrix, primarily collagen and minerals.

Cells that break down bone tissue by releasing enzymes that dissolve the mineralized bone matrix.

A fracture is repaired in three stages: hematoma formation, callus formation, and callus ossification. During hematoma formation, a blood clot forms at the fracture site. Callus formation then involves the formation of a soft, fibrocartilaginous callus that stabilizes the fracture. Finally, callus ossification transforms the soft callus into hard bone tissue.

Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone are antagonistic hormones that regulate blood calcium levels. Calcitonin lowers blood calcium by promoting bone formation, while parathyroid hormone increases blood calcium by stimulating bone resorption.

The bone forming the forehead and upper part of the skull.

The two bones that form the top and sides of the skull.

The bones located on the sides of the skull, below the parietal bones.

The two small bones forming the bridge of the nose.

The bones forming the cheekbones, located below the eyes.

Calcium is essential for muscle movement, nerve impulse transmission, and is stored in bones and teeth.

Calcitonin, produced by the thyroid gland, reduces blood calcium levels by promoting calcium deposition into bones.

Parathyroid hormone (PTH), released by the parathyroid glands, increases blood calcium levels by stimulating bone resorption.

PTH stimulates osteoclast activity, leading to increased bone resorption and calcium release into the blood. It also indirectly inhibits osteoblast activity.

Calcitonin promotes osteoblast activity, leading to increased bone formation and calcium deposition into the bone. It also indirectly inhibits osteoclast activity.

No, bones are constantly being remodeled through a balance of bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts.

A large, triangular bone that forms the shoulder blade. It connects to the humerus (upper arm bone) and clavicle (collarbone).

A triangular bone at the base of the spine, formed from five fused vertebrae. It connects to the hip bones (pelvis).

A small, bony structure at the very end of the spine, formed from fused vertebrae. It's often referred to as the 'tailbone.'

The largest bone in the foot, forming the heel. It supports the weight of the body when standing.

Long, curved bones that protect the heart and lungs. They connect to the spine at the back and the sternum (breastbone) in the front.

The central axis of the body, composed of the skull, ribs, sternum, and vertebral column. It provides support and protects vital organs.

The bones of the limbs, including the shoulders and hips. It allows for movement and interaction with the environment.

A flexible column of bones extending from the skull to the pelvis, providing support and protecting the spinal cord. It is composed of 33 vertebrae at birth, some of which fuse in adolescence.

Cushioning pads between vertebrae, absorbing shock and allowing for movement. These discs are made of cartilage.

The spine has both primary (convex) and secondary (concave) curves that improve balance and weight distribution.

The mandible is the only movable bone in the skull, forming the lower jaw. It's responsible for chewing and speaking.

The humerus is the long bone in your upper arm, connecting your shoulder to your elbow.

The ulna and radius are the two bones in your forearm. The ulna is on the pinky side, the radius is on the thumb side.

The femur is the longest and strongest bone in the human body, located in your thigh.

The tarsals are a group of seven bones located in your ankle, providing support and stability.