Skeletal System Functions Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which function of the skeletal system includes the production of blood cells?

  • Support
  • Protection
  • Movement
  • Manufacturing (correct)

What is the primary role of the medullary cavity in long bones?

  • Support weight of the body
  • Storage of calcium deposits
  • Providing smooth movement at joints
  • Production of red blood cells (correct)

Which anatomical feature of a long bone is responsible for growth in length?

  • Articular cartilage
  • Diaphysis
  • Epiphyses
  • Epiphyseal plate (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

<p>Facilitation of nerve transmission (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are bones primarily classified in terms of their structure?

<p>By shape (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is spongy bone primarily located within long bones?

<p>At the ends of the long bones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structural arrangement characterizes compact bone?

<p>Cylinders known as osteons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bone cell is responsible for producing new bone?

<p>Osteoblasts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What features are found in spongy bone that aid in its function?

<p>Large spaces filled with marrow and blood vessels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of canaliculi in bone tissue?

<p>To allow bone cells to communicate with each other (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the periosteum in a long bone?

<p>To cover the outer surface of the bone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of a long bone contains yellow bone marrow?

<p>Medullary cavity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is found at the ends of long bones to aid in joint movement?

<p>Articular cartilage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the shaft of a long bone?

<p>Diaphysis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the inner layer of a long bone that has a porous structure?

<p>Spongy bone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of osteoid in bone composition?

<p>Offers flexibility and tensile strength (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating osteoclasts to break down bone?

<p>Parathyroid hormone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the bone repair process, which phase follows the formation of a hematoma?

<p>Formation of a callus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of a lack of hydroxyapatite in bone composition?

<p>Development of rickets (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of calcitonin in bone remodeling?

<p>Stimulates adding calcium to bones from the bloodstream (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bone is not part of the axial skeleton?

<p>Femur (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many vertebrae are present in the vertebral column at birth?

<p>33 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the intervertebral discs?

<p>Cushion and absorb shock (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of the lumbar vertebrae?

<p>They help support the lower back (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the vertebral column at birth?

<p>Convexly curved (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bone is NOT part of the skull?

<p>Clavicle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bones is associated with the lower body?

<p>Femur (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pelvis in the human skeleton?

<p>Connect the spine to the lower limbs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many types of phalanges are present in the human body?

<p>28 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bone is referred to as the kneecap?

<p>Patella (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does parathyroid hormone (PTH) play in calcium balance?

<p>Raises blood calcium levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for lowering blood calcium levels?

<p>Calcitonin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of osteoblasts in bone physiology?

<p>Build bone tissue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is calcium stored in the body when levels are excessive?

<p>In bones and teeth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When blood calcium levels are low, what process is activated?

<p>PTH is released from parathyroid glands (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement regarding bones is accurate?

<p>Bones are constantly remodeled (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does calcitonin have on osteoclast activity?

<p>Inhibits osteoclast activity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to blood calcium levels when osteoclasts are more active than osteoblasts?

<p>Levels increase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bone is located at the front of the skull?

<p>Frontal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the bone that forms the lower part of the skull and houses the lower teeth?

<p>Mandible (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bones is part of the lateral aspect of the skull?

<p>Temporal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bones is located between the forehead and the eyes?

<p>Frontal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bones is NOT part of the appendicular skeleton?

<p>Skull (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint allows for the greatest range of motion?

<p>Synovial joint (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure provides lubrication in synovial joints?

<p>Synovial fluid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a pivot joint?

<p>Neck (atlantoaxial joint) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What connects muscles to bones in the appendicular skeleton?

<p>Tendons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the scapula located in the skeleton?

<p>On the upper back portion of the skeleton (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bone is directly situated below the lumbar vertebrae?

<p>Sacrum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the position of the calcaneus in the human skeleton?

<p>At the heel of the foot (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bone is located directly beneath the sacrum?

<p>Coccyx (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the coccyx?

<p>It is positioned below the sacrum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is the function of the skeletal system?

The skeletal system provides vital support, protection, movement, mineral storage, and blood cell production for the body.

What are the two main regions of a long bone?

Long bones have a diaphysis (shaft) and epiphyses (ends).

What is articular cartilage?

A smooth layer of cartilage covering the epiphyses, allowing for easy joint movement and shock absorption.

What is the medullary cavity?

The hollow space within the diaphysis of a long bone, filled with bone marrow.

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What happens to the bone marrow as we age?

Red bone marrow, responsible for blood cell production, is largely replaced by yellow bone marrow, which stores fat.

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Epiphysis

The rounded end of a long bone. It's where the bone connects to other bones to form joints.

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Diaphysis

The long, straight shaft of a long bone. It provides strength and support.

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Spongy Bone

The porous, inner layer of bone. This is where red bone marrow is found.

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Compact Bone

The dense, outer layer of bone. It makes the bone hard and strong.

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Periosteum

The tough, fibrous membrane covering the outside of the bone. It helps with bone growth and repair.

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Osteon

A cylinder-shaped unit that makes up compact bone, containing concentric circles of lamellae.

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Osteocyte

A mature bone cell that maintains the bone matrix and helps with bone repair.

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What makes up the appendicular skeleton?

The appendicular skeleton consists of the bones of the limbs, including the shoulders and hips. It allows for movement and interaction with the environment.

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What are fibrous joints?

Fibrous joints are immovable or slightly movable joints held together by tough fibrous connective tissue. They provide stability and strength.

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What makes synovial joints unique?

Synovial joints are highly movable joints that allow for a wide range of motion. They have a joint capsule filled with synovial fluid, which lubricates the joint and reduces friction.

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What are ligaments?

Ligaments are strong bands of fibrous connective tissue that connect bones to other bones. They provide stability and limit excessive joint movement.

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What type of synovial joint is the shoulder?

The shoulder joint is a ball-and-socket joint, allowing for a wide range of movement in all directions.

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What is ossification?

The process by which cartilage is replaced by bone tissue, primarily through the deposition of calcium and minerals.

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What are osteoblasts?

Cells responsible for building and maintaining bone tissue by depositing bone matrix, primarily collagen and minerals.

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What are osteoclasts?

Cells that break down bone tissue by releasing enzymes that dissolve the mineralized bone matrix.

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How is a broken bone repaired?

A fracture is repaired in three stages: hematoma formation, callus formation, and callus ossification. During hematoma formation, a blood clot forms at the fracture site. Callus formation then involves the formation of a soft, fibrocartilaginous callus that stabilizes the fracture. Finally, callus ossification transforms the soft callus into hard bone tissue.

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What are the main functions of calcitonin and parathyroid hormone?

Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone are antagonistic hormones that regulate blood calcium levels. Calcitonin lowers blood calcium by promoting bone formation, while parathyroid hormone increases blood calcium by stimulating bone resorption.

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Frontal Bone

The bone forming the forehead and upper part of the skull.

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Parietal Bones

The two bones that form the top and sides of the skull.

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Temporal Bones

The bones located on the sides of the skull, below the parietal bones.

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Nasal Bones

The two small bones forming the bridge of the nose.

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Zygomatic Bones

The bones forming the cheekbones, located below the eyes.

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What is the role of calcium in the body?

Calcium is essential for muscle movement, nerve impulse transmission, and is stored in bones and teeth.

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What hormone lowers blood calcium levels?

Calcitonin, produced by the thyroid gland, reduces blood calcium levels by promoting calcium deposition into bones.

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What hormone increases blood calcium levels?

Parathyroid hormone (PTH), released by the parathyroid glands, increases blood calcium levels by stimulating bone resorption.

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How does PTH influence osteoblasts and osteoclasts?

PTH stimulates osteoclast activity, leading to increased bone resorption and calcium release into the blood. It also indirectly inhibits osteoblast activity.

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How does calcitonin influence osteoblasts and osteoclasts?

Calcitonin promotes osteoblast activity, leading to increased bone formation and calcium deposition into the bone. It also indirectly inhibits osteoclast activity.

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Are bones static structures?

No, bones are constantly being remodeled through a balance of bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts.

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Scapula

A large, triangular bone that forms the shoulder blade. It connects to the humerus (upper arm bone) and clavicle (collarbone).

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Sacrum

A triangular bone at the base of the spine, formed from five fused vertebrae. It connects to the hip bones (pelvis).

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Coccyx

A small, bony structure at the very end of the spine, formed from fused vertebrae. It's often referred to as the 'tailbone.'

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Calcaneus

The largest bone in the foot, forming the heel. It supports the weight of the body when standing.

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Ribs

Long, curved bones that protect the heart and lungs. They connect to the spine at the back and the sternum (breastbone) in the front.

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Axial Skeleton

The central axis of the body, composed of the skull, ribs, sternum, and vertebral column. It provides support and protects vital organs.

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Appendicular Skeleton

The bones of the limbs, including the shoulders and hips. It allows for movement and interaction with the environment.

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Vertebral Column

A flexible column of bones extending from the skull to the pelvis, providing support and protecting the spinal cord. It is composed of 33 vertebrae at birth, some of which fuse in adolescence.

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Intervertebral Discs

Cushioning pads between vertebrae, absorbing shock and allowing for movement. These discs are made of cartilage.

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Curvatures of the Spine

The spine has both primary (convex) and secondary (concave) curves that improve balance and weight distribution.

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What bone makes up your lower jaw?

The mandible is the only movable bone in the skull, forming the lower jaw. It's responsible for chewing and speaking.

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What are the bones of the upper arm called?

The humerus is the long bone in your upper arm, connecting your shoulder to your elbow.

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What bones make up your forearm?

The ulna and radius are the two bones in your forearm. The ulna is on the pinky side, the radius is on the thumb side.

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What is the name of the bone in your thigh?

The femur is the longest and strongest bone in the human body, located in your thigh.

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What bones make up your ankle?

The tarsals are a group of seven bones located in your ankle, providing support and stability.

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