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Questions and Answers
What is the basic unit of mature compact bone?
What is the basic unit of mature compact bone?
Spongy bone contains osteons.
Spongy bone contains osteons.
False
What is the role of osteoblasts in bone formation?
What is the role of osteoblasts in bone formation?
Osteoblasts build bone by constructing the matrix around them.
The _____ is a membrane that isolates bone from surrounding tissues.
The _____ is a membrane that isolates bone from surrounding tissues.
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Match the bone cells with their functions:
Match the bone cells with their functions:
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Which statement correctly describes trabeculae?
Which statement correctly describes trabeculae?
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The endosteum is involved in bone growth and repair.
The endosteum is involved in bone growth and repair.
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What effect does exercise have on bones?
What effect does exercise have on bones?
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Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the skeletal system?
Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the skeletal system?
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Osteocytes are responsible for the formation of new bone tissue.
Osteocytes are responsible for the formation of new bone tissue.
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What type of bone is characterized by a complex shape and is found in the spinal vertebrae?
What type of bone is characterized by a complex shape and is found in the spinal vertebrae?
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The __________ is the shaft of a long bone, primarily composed of compact bone.
The __________ is the shaft of a long bone, primarily composed of compact bone.
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Match the following bone types with their descriptions:
Match the following bone types with their descriptions:
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What are the four cell types in bone tissue?
What are the four cell types in bone tissue?
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Compact bone is less dense than spongy bone.
Compact bone is less dense than spongy bone.
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What is the primary mineral stored in bones for structural support?
What is the primary mineral stored in bones for structural support?
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The __________ produce red and white blood cells in long bones.
The __________ produce red and white blood cells in long bones.
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Which type of bone marking is typically involved in the attachment of tendons and ligaments?
Which type of bone marking is typically involved in the attachment of tendons and ligaments?
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Study Notes
Skeletal System Functions
- Provides support for the body, soft tissues, and organs.
- Stores minerals like calcium and phosphate.
- Yellow bone marrow stores lipids.
- Produces blood cells (red, white, and more) in long bones.
- Protects vital organs like the heart, lungs, brain, and spinal cord.
Bone Classification
- Bones are classified by shape:
- Long, flat, irregular, short, and sesamoid.
- Bone markings:
- Depressions, projections, and tunnels.
- Internal tissues:
- Compact and spongy.
Bone Types
- Long bones: Found in arms, legs, hands, feet, fingers, and toes.
- Flat bones: Found in the skull, sternum, ribs, and scapula.
- Irregular bones: Found in the vertebrae and pelvic bones.
- Short bones: Found in the ankle and wrist.
- Sesamoid bones: Small, flat bones that develop inside tendons.
Examples of Bone Types
- Proximal Phalange: Long bone.
- Scapular: Irregular bone.
- Coxal: Irregular bone.
- Femur: Long bone.
- Radius: Long bone.
Bone Markings
- Depressions and grooves:
- Located on the bone surface.
- Projections:
- Where tendons and ligaments attach.
- At articulations with other bones.
- Tunnels:
- Allow for blood vessels and nerves to enter bones.
Bone Parts
-
Diaphysis:
- The shaft of the bone.
- Composed of compact bone with a marrow cavity.
-
Epiphysis:
- The wide ends of the bone.
- Articulate with other bones.
- Composed of spongy bone.
-
Metaphysis:
- The region where the diaphysis and epiphysis meet.
Bone Tissue
- Dense matrix containing:
- Deposits of calcium salts.
- Bone cells within lacunae organized around blood vessels.
-
Canaliculi:
- Form pathways for blood vessels.
- Enable the exchange of nutrients and waste.
-
Composition:
- ⅔ of bone matrix is calcium phosphate (Ca3(PO4)2).
- ⅓ of bone matrix is protein fibers (collagen).
Bone Cells
- Make up only 2% of bone mass.
-
Osteocytes:
- Mature bone cells that maintain the bone matrix.
- Help repair damaged bone.
- Do not divide.
-
Osteoblasts:
- Immature cells that secrete matrix compounds (osteogenesis).
- Builders of the bone matrix.
-
Osteoprogenitor cells:
- Immature cells that can differentiate into osteoblasts.
-
Osteoclasts:
- Secrete acids and protein-digesting enzymes.
- Involved in bone resorption and mineral recycling.
Compact Bone
- Contains parallel osteons.
- Concentric layers of osteocytes arranged around a central canal containing blood vessels.
Spongy Bone
- Does not contain osteons.
- Contains trabeculae, an open network of supporting fiber bundles.
- Trabeculae lack blood vessels.
Periosteum
- A membrane covering compact bone.
- Functions:
- Isolates bone from surrounding tissues.
- Provides a route for circulatory and nervous supply.
- Participates in bone growth and repair.
Endosteum
- An incomplete cellular layer lining the marrow cavity, covering trabeculae of spongy bone, and lining central canals.
- Contains osteoblasts, osteoprogenitor cells, and osteoclasts.
- Active in bone growth and repair.
Bone Growth
- Continuous remodeling process.
- Can change the bone matrix, shape, or internal structure.
- Involves osteocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts.
- Mineral recycling allows bones to adapt to stress.
Effect of Exercise on Bones
- Heavily stressed bones become thicker and stronger.
- Bone markings can indicate the type of stress experienced by the bone.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the skeletal system, including its essential functions and various bone classifications. Learn about different bone types, their locations, and the roles they play in the body. This quiz covers critical aspects of anatomy related to the skeletal system.
