Skeletal System Function Quiz

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanical function of bones in the skeletal system?

To act as a cushion between joints

To provide a supporting framework and serve as levers for muscle action (correct)

To store minerals and release energy

To produce blood cells

Which of the following best describes diarthroidal joints?

Joints that freely allow a range of movements and are typically found in the limbs (correct)

Joints that allow limited movement

Joints that connect two bones through cartilage with some movement

Joints that are immovable and fused

What term refers to the range of movement around an axis at a joint?

Degrees of Freedom (correct)

Degrees of Motion

Degrees of Stability

Degrees of Dialation

Which movement occurs in the sagittal plane?

Flexion and extension of the elbow Signup and view all the answers

What are accessory structures in synovial joints primarily responsible for?

Stabilizing the joint and facilitating movement Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint allows for movement in three degrees of freedom without a fixed axis of rotation?

Spherical (ball and socket) joint Signup and view all the answers

Which joint classification is characterized by one bone having a convex surface in one direction and a concave surface in another direction?

Saddle joint Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for movement away from the midline of the body in the frontal plane?

Abduction Signup and view all the answers

Which description best explains the motion of flexion and extension?

Motion along the medial-lateral axis in the sagittal plane Signup and view all the answers

Which accessory structure in synovial joints provides stability and protects the joint surfaces?

Ligaments Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of synovial joints?

Bone marrow Signup and view all the answers

Synarthroses are classified as which type of joint based on their movement?

Immovable joints Signup and view all the answers

Which classification of joints allows for two degrees of freedom (DOF)?

Condyloid Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of accessory structures in synovial joints?

Enhance the structural stability of joints Signup and view all the answers

Which joint type has one rotational degree of freedom and a close to perpendicular axis of rotation?

Hinge Signup and view all the answers

In which joint classification is the proximal radioulnar joint categorized?

Pivot Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint movement is characterized by bending and straightening actions?

Flexion and Extension Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about synovial fluid is inaccurate?

It is responsible for the synovial joint's color. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Agenda

Housekeeping
Blackboard How To's
Muscles and bones
Clinical reference frames
How to describe movement (universally)
RPA 2: Anatomy Basics (finish most by end of class)
Osteokinematics and Arthrokinematics

Housekeeping

Pay attention and be responsible in class for:
- Lesson prep questions
- Assignments
- Upcoming labs
- Upcoming tests
- Use your groups
Take Out:
- Lecture slides
- Paper
- Pens
- RPA 2

Introduction to Anatomy Basics

The BIO of Biomechanics

Learning Objectives

Define osteokinematics, arthrokinematics
Know the names and locations of select bones and muscles
Describe the clinical reference frame
Determine on which plane, and about which axis, different joint motions typically occur
List the six types of diarthroidal joints and the motions associated with each

Skeletal System

Knowledge of the skeletal system is crucial for all movement analysis

Anatomy Basics: The Human Skeleton

Mechanical functions of bone:
- Provides a supporting framework for the body
- Forms a system of rigid levers that muscles can pull on to stabilize and move the body
- Protects certain organs (e.g., ribcage protects heart and lungs)
Consists of 206 bones by adulthood
Axial and appendicular skeletons
Axial: bones of the head and trunk
Appendicular: bones that support the appendages (limbs)

Anatomical Position

Bones of the appendicular skeleton are diagrammed

Bone List (and Diagrams)

Clavicle
Scapula
Humerus
Ulna
Radius
Phalanges
Metacarpals
Carpals
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Tarsals
Bones of the foot
Diagrams of each bone.

Muscles

Approximately 640 skeletal muscles in the human body
Several groups:
- Head and neck
- Trunk
- Upper limbs
- Lower limbs

Main Locomotor Skeletal Muscles

Anterior:
- Quadriceps - Quinticeps
  - Vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, rectus femoris, tensor of vastus intermedius*
- Pectoralis major and minor
- Deltoids
- Biceps brachii
- Rectus abdominis
Posterior:
- Hamstrings (biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus)
- Triceps brachii
- Gluteus muscles (maximus, medius, minimus)
- Latissimus dorsi
- Rhomboids
- Gastrocnemius and soleus

Extra Visual Aid (Diagrams)

Major anterior muscles
Major posterior muscles

RPA 2: Anatomy basics

Complete Tasks (Online Quiz Format) (all except final question, choose activity)

For next class

Linear Kinematics in One Dimension
Position, displacement, velocity, acceleration
Read Lessons 2 & 3
Prepare: Lesson 2 Review Questions 2-6
Final Skill Task for RPA 2

Kinematics

Osteokinematics: Motions of bones
Arthrokinematics: Motion at the joint surfaces

Osteokinematics of Synovial Joints

Rotations of bones around an axis
Quantified as range of motion (ROM)
Segment (absolute) angle
Angle between the long axis of the bone and some reference line in the global reference frame
Joint (relative) angle
Orientation of one bone to another
Included angle
Anatomic angle

Joint Architecture

Joints (articulations) are connections between bones
- May or may not permit movement
Joints are classified functionally by the amount of movement they allow:
- Synarthroses: immovable joints (e.g., bones in the skull)
- Amphiarthroses: slightly movable joints (e.g., ribs and sternum, pubic symphysis)
- Diarthroses: freely movable joints (e.g., synovial joints at the ends of long bones)

Joint Architecture: Synovial Joints

All synovial joints have six basic characteristics:
- Joint capsule
- Articular cartilage
- A joint cavity filled with synovial fluid
- A synovial membrane lining the joint capsule
- Accessory structures - reinforcing ligaments
- Sensory nerves and blood vessels

Accessory Structures - Ligaments (Diagrammed)

Types of Synovial Joints

Diagrams of the different types
- Pivot
- Hinge
- Condyloid
- Saddle
- Ball and socket

Classification of Joints

Planar/Gliding: 0 rotational DOF, no AOR
Hinge: 1 rotational DOF, 1 AOR (close to perpendicular of the long axis of the bones)
Pivot: 1 rotational DOF, 1 AOR (close to parallel to long axis of the bones)
Condyloid: 2 DOF, 2 AOR
Saddle: 2 DOF, 2 AOR
Spherical (ball and socket): 3 DOF, 0 AOR

Osteokinematic Terms of Motion

Diagrams showing the different types of motion:
- Flexion/extension
- Abduction/adduction
- Medial/lateral rotation
- Circumduction
Special movements (e.g., inversion, eversion, dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, opposition, supination, pronation)

Special Movements at Synovial Joints (Diagrams)

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your knowledge on the mechanical functions of bones and the different types of joints in the skeletal system. This quiz covers major concepts such as diarthroidal joints, range of movement, and accessory structures in synovial joints. Challenge yourself and see how well you understand skeletal mechanics!