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Questions and Answers
What is the superior part of the sternum called?
What is the superior part of the sternum called?
What type of connective tissue anchors the ribs onto the sternum?
What type of connective tissue anchors the ribs onto the sternum?
Hyaline cartilage
Identify the central portion of the sternum.
Identify the central portion of the sternum.
Body
What part of the sternum is palpated prior to giving CPR?
What part of the sternum is palpated prior to giving CPR?
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How many pairs of ribs articulate directly with the sternum?
How many pairs of ribs articulate directly with the sternum?
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How many pairs of ribs are considered false ribs?
How many pairs of ribs are considered false ribs?
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How many ribs make up the rib cage?
How many ribs make up the rib cage?
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Identify the part of a rib that articulates in the demi-facets of the thoracic vertebra.
Identify the part of a rib that articulates in the demi-facets of the thoracic vertebra.
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Identify the region of a rib that articulates with the transverse process of a vertebra.
Identify the region of a rib that articulates with the transverse process of a vertebra.
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During CPR, it is important to place the compression hands over the sternal body but not over the xiphoid process so that _________.
During CPR, it is important to place the compression hands over the sternal body but not over the xiphoid process so that _________.
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Which of the ribs does not attach to a costal cartilage?
Which of the ribs does not attach to a costal cartilage?
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Which of the following bones does NOT fit with the other listed bones: vertebrae, sternum, ribs?
Which of the following bones does NOT fit with the other listed bones: vertebrae, sternum, ribs?
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Each of the 12 ribs articulates with one vertebra.
Each of the 12 ribs articulates with one vertebra.
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Costal cartilages join most ribs to the sternum.
Costal cartilages join most ribs to the sternum.
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The tubercle of a rib articulates with the transverse process of a vertebra.
The tubercle of a rib articulates with the transverse process of a vertebra.
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Vertebrochondral ribs attach to each other before they attach to the sternum.
Vertebrochondral ribs attach to each other before they attach to the sternum.
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Which of the following is the term for the articulation of the clavicles with the sternum?
Which of the following is the term for the articulation of the clavicles with the sternum?
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What structures comprise the appendicular skeleton?
What structures comprise the appendicular skeleton?
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Which bone articulates with the coxal bone at the acetabulum?
Which bone articulates with the coxal bone at the acetabulum?
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When seated, the weight of the body is borne by the __________.
When seated, the weight of the body is borne by the __________.
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The hip bone is part of the axial skeleton.
The hip bone is part of the axial skeleton.
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Identify the heel of the human foot.
Identify the heel of the human foot.
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Study Notes
Sternum and Rib Anatomy
- Manubrium: The superior part of the sternum, articulating with the clavicles and the first rib.
- Body of Sternum: The middle portion of the sternum, largest region located between the manubrium and the xiphoid process.
- Xiphoid Process: The inferior part of the sternum, important to avoid during CPR to prevent injury.
- True Ribs: 7 pairs that directly articulate with the sternum.
- False Ribs: 5 pairs, which may connect indirectly to the sternum via cartilage or not at all (floating ribs).
- Floating Ribs: Ribs 11 and 12 that do not attach to the sternum.
- Total Ribs: 24 ribs make up the rib cage, consisting of 12 pairs.
Rib Structure and Articulations
- Head of Rib: Articulates in the demi-facets of thoracic vertebrae between two vertebrae.
- Tubercle of Rib: Region articulating with the transverse process of a vertebra.
- Costal Cartilage: Hyaline cartilage anchors ribs to the sternum.
Pectoral Girdle and Scapula
- Clavicle (Collarbone): Connects the pectoral girdle to the axial skeleton at the sternoclavicular joint (articulates with the manubrium).
- Scapula: Forms the pectoral girdle with the clavicle; articulates laterally with the clavicle and the humerus.
- Acromion Process: Knob-like end of scapula articulating with the clavicle, forming the acromioclavicular joint.
- Glenoid Cavity: Socket of the shoulder joint, facilitates mobility.
Rotator Cuff and Shoulder Anatomy
- Rotator Cuff: Group of muscles originating from the scapula, stabilizing the shoulder joint.
- Coracoid Process: Scapular projection not articulating with any other bone, serves as an attachment for muscles.
Humerus and Arm Structure
- Humerus: Upper arm bone articulating with the scapula at the glenohumeral joint.
- Greater Tubercle: Located near the proximal end of the humerus, acts as a muscle attachment site.
- Medial and Lateral Epicondyles: Features found at the distal end of the humerus.
Wrist and Hand Anatomy
- Carpal Bones: 8 bones forming the wrist, arranged in 2 rows.
- Phalanges: Bones that form the fingers; each finger has three phalanges except the thumb (pollex).
Pelvic Anatomy
- Coxal Bones: Made up of three regions (ilium, ischium, pubis), articulating with the sacrum at the sacroiliac joint.
- Acetabulum: Concave socket receiving the femur.
- Ischial Tuberosities: Bear the weight of the body when seated.
Additional Structural Insights
- Intramembranous Ossification: Process by which the clavicle develops from a fibrous membrane.
- Appendicular Skeleton: Comprises the limbs and their girdles, including the pectoral and pelvic girdles.
- Obturator Foramen: Large hole in the coxal bone, significant for nerve passage.
Clinical Considerations
- Spina Bifida: Condition resulting from failure of the vertebral laminae to unite during development.
- Clavicle Fractures: Common injury during falls, impacting the stability of the shoulder girdle.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Test your knowledge on the skeletal system with these flashcards focusing on key terms like manubrium and hyaline cartilage. This quiz will help reinforce your understanding of the sternum and its components. Perfect for anatomy students!
