Skeletal System Disorders: Osteomalacia, Arthritis

Diseases/Disorders of the Skeletal System

Osteomalacia (Rickets)

• Softening of the bones caused by muscle pain and weakness
• Can occur due to a Vitamin D, Calcium, and Phosphorous deficiency
• Vitamin D helps calcium to strengthen bones

Osteoporosis

• The most common bone disease
• Reduced bone density
• Caused by hormone level decreases, Vitamin D deficiencies, or Calcium deficiences

Bursitis

• Inflammation of the Bursa
• Can result from injury
• Can result from overuse

Arthritis

• Affects joints
• Symptoms: Pain, stiffness, swelling/redness, and decreased motion

Types of Arthritis

• Osteoarthritis: Wear and tear
• Rheumatoid Arthritis: Auto-Immune disease
• Gout: High levels of Uric Acid

Osteoarthritis

• Articular cartilage gradually deteriorates

Rheumatoid Arthritis

• Immune system cells attack your own cells
• Causes inflammation in the Synovial membrane

Stages of Rheumatoid Arthritis

• Stage 1: The body mistakenly attacks its own joint tissue
• Stage 2: The body makes the antibodies and the joints start swelling up
• Stage 3: The joints start becoming bent and deformed; fingers become crooked, causing nerve pain
• Stage 4: The disease progresses to its last stage, and the joint is essentially fused if not treated

Gout

• Common in the big toe.
• Can also be present in knees, elbows, wrists, and fingers
• Hot/burning, swollen, and tender
• Can be caused/aggravated by eating red meat, organ meats and seafood, alcohol, and fruit juice

Scoliosis

• Lateral deviation
• Includes the thoracic and lumbar
• Usually occurs during growth spurts

Lordosis

• Anterior curvature
• Includes the cervical and lumbar
• Caused by poor posture, trauma, osteoporosis, obesity or weak abdominal muscles

Kyphosis

• Posterior curvature
• Impacts Thoracic vertebrae
• Caused by poor posture, trauma, or osteoporosis

Spinal Curvature Treatments

• Exercises/Stretches
• Braces
• Surgery (in extreme cases)

Leukemia

• Cancer of blood-forming tissue (bone marrow)
• Acute - Majority are abnormal blood cells
• Chronic – Some abnormal cells
• Lymphocytic
• Myelogenous

Leukemia Types

• Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) - Common in children
• Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML) - Common in adults
• Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) - Common in adults
• Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) - Common in adults

Dental Caries

• Commonly known as Cavities
• Affects ~2.3 Billion people

Tooth Care

• Flossing
• Proper Brushing
• Dental Cleanings

Stages of Tooth decay

• 1. Decay in enamel
• 2. Advanced decay
• 3. Decay in dentin
• 4. Decay in pulp

Overview of skeletal system diseases and disorders like Osteomalacia (Rickets), Osteoporosis, Bursitis, and Arthritis. Covers types of Arthritis including Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis and Gout. Also discusses Rheumatoid Arthritis stages.