Skeletal Remains Identification: Bone Analysis

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What is the primary purpose of gross examination of a bone?

To determine the presence of osteons

To extract species-specific protein for serological examination

To identify the Haversian system

To reveal the true nature of the bone through shape, size, texture, weight, and morphology (correct)

What is unique about the Haversian system in human bones compared to animal bones?

The Haversian system is absent in human bones

The Haversian system is larger in diameter in human bones (correct)

The Haversian system is different in shape in human bones

The Haversian system is larger in diameter in animal bones

What is the purpose of a precipitin test in serological examination?

To determine the size of the Haversian system

To extract species-specific protein from bone

To test against specific antisera of human (correct)

To identify the presence of osteons

What is a characteristic of the human skull compared to animal skulls?

It has a bulbous shape Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of animal skulls compared to human skulls?

They have a more curved shape Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the foramen magnum in human skulls?

More centrally located underneath the skull Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference in pelvis structure between humans and other mammals?

The human pelvis is wider from the side with curved bone. Signup and view all the answers

Why does the human spine curve in 3 places?

Because humans walk upright. Signup and view all the answers

What is the most accurate method of determining sex from bones?

Entire skeleton Signup and view all the answers

What feature of the pelvis is used to indicate sex?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of morphological examination in sex determination?

To examine the overall shape and structure of bones Signup and view all the answers

What is the accuracy of determining sex from the pelvis and skull combined?

98% Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of the method of gender estimation from bone samples?

The bone samples should be of long bones Signup and view all the answers

What is the age range for Infancy in females according to skeletal development?

Birth to 10 months of age Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the Pre-puberty stage in skeletal development?

The size of the phalangeal epiphyses Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of dividing skeletal development into major categories?

To facilitate bone age assessments Signup and view all the answers

At what stage of skeletal development do the carpal bones and radial epiphyses start to ossify?

Toddlers Signup and view all the answers

What is an alternative method of age estimation besides estimation from hands and wrist?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

At what age do the ossification centers of the capitate and hamate become apparent?

3 months Signup and view all the answers

In which finger do the ossification centers for the epiphyses of all phalanges and metacarpals become recognizable first?

Middle finger Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary basis for assessing skeletal maturity in pre-pubertal children?

Size of the epiphyses relative to the metaphysis Signup and view all the answers

At what stage do the epiphyses become wider than the metaphysis?

Early puberty Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary basis for assessing skeletal maturity in late puberty?

Degree of epiphyseal fusion Signup and view all the answers

What is the age range for females in early and mid-puberty?

7 years to 13 years of age Signup and view all the answers

What is the order of fusion of the epiphyses to the metaphyses in the long bones of the hand?

Distal phalanges, metacarpals, proximal phalanges, middle phalanges Signup and view all the answers

At what age range is epiphyseal fusion complete in post-puberty females?

15-17 years Signup and view all the answers

Which bone is examined to determine skeletal maturity over a range of 8 years?

Calcaneum Signup and view all the answers

At what age is the fusion of the metacarpals and phalanges complete in males?

18 years Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bones is examined to determine skeletal maturity at 18 years?

Med epicondyles and the head of the radius Signup and view all the answers

At what age are the two pubic rami of the hip fully developed?

6 years Signup and view all the answers