Skeletal Muscle Structure and Contraction Quiz

Treppe (staircase effect) = An increase in the strength of a contraction of a muscle when a series of identical stimuli are applied Wave summation = The adding together of force of contractions due to successive stimuli applied to a muscle forming a stronger contraction Tetanus = The fusion of contractions to produce a continuous contraction Muscle Tone = The slight contraction of skeletal muscles due to involuntary signals from the nervous system

Isotonic contraction = Muscle shortens and load moves Isometric contraction = Muscle does not shorten so load remains stationary Direct phosphorylation of ADP by Creatine phosphate (CP) = Duration of energy use: 15 seconds Aerobic Respiration = Duration of energy use: Hours

Direct phosphorylation of ADP by Creatine phosphate (CP) = Creatine phosphate + ADP → Creatine + ATP Anerobic Respiration = Glucose → Pyruvic Acid → Lactic acid → 2 ATP regenerated Aerobic Respiration = Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water + Heat + 32 ATP regenerated Oxygen Debt = The amount of O2 needed after strenuous activity to resupply muscle cells with ATP and CP

Direct phosphorylation of ADP by Creatine phosphate (CP) = 15 seconds Anerobic Respiration = 30 - 40 seconds Aerobic Respiration = Hours Muscles ATP reserves = Limited to about 4-6 seconds of activity

Glycogen = Storage form for glucose in liver and muscle cells Hemoglobin = Molecule which transports O2 in the blood Myoglobin = Molecule in muscle cells which stores O2 Oxygen Debt = Amount of O2 needed after strenuous activity to perform muscle cell functions

Excitability (Responsiveness) = the ability to receive and respond to a stimulus Contractility = the ability to forcibly shorten when adequately stimulated Extensibility = the ability to extend or stretch Elasticity = the ability of a muscle cell to recoil and resume its resting length

Produce movement = types of movement depends on muscle tissue type Maintenance of posture = helps in maintaining body position Stabilizes joints = supports and stabilizes joints during movement Heat Production = generation of heat as a byproduct of muscle activity

Origin = the stationary / fixed attachment point while contracting Insertion = the moveable attachment point while contracting Endomysium = fine areolar CT that covers each individual muscle fiber Vascularization = the presence of blood vessels in the muscle tissue

Well vascularized organs = due to the high metabolic demands of muscle tissue Supplied by a nerve ending = necessary for muscle contraction and coordination Span joints and attach to bones = enables movement and stability Tendons physically attach to bone = provides a strong connection for muscle movement

Voluntary movement = skeletal muscle Involuntary movement = smooth muscle Control of heart rate and digestion = cardiac muscle Attached to bones for movement = skeletal muscle

Perimysium = Dense irregular connective tissue surrounding bundles of muscle fibers known as fascicles Epimysium = Dense irregular connective tissue surrounding an entire skeletal muscle Fascia = Fibrous connective tissue that blends with the epimysium or holds groups of skeletal muscles together Sarcolemma = The cell membrane of a muscle cell, while sarcoplasm is the cytoplasm containing numerous nuclei, mitochondria, glycosomes, and myoglobin

Myosin = One of the two kinds of protein filaments comprising myofibrils Actin = One of the two kinds of protein filaments comprising myofibrils Sarcoplasmic reticulum = A specialized form of smooth endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium for muscle cell contraction Transverse tubules = Invagination tubes of the sarcolemma and are situated between two cisternae of sarcoplasmic reticulum

Thick filaments (myosin) = Part of the myofilament structure made of myosin Thin filaments (actin, tropomyosin, and troponin) = Part of the myofilament structure made of actin, tropomyosin, and troponin Neuromuscular junction = Where the end of a motor neuron communicates with the sarcolemma of a muscle cell Motor unit = Consists of a single motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it controls, with different degrees of coordination and power in different muscle groups

Nerve impulses = Part of the events of a skeletal muscle contraction involving nerve impulses, calcium release, and the formation of cross bridges between thick and thin filaments Calcium release = Part of the events of a skeletal muscle contraction involving nerve impulses, calcium release, and the formation of cross bridges between thick and thin filaments Muscle relaxation = Occurs when the nerve impulse ceases, Ach is broken down, calcium is pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and the cross bridges are broken Cross bridges formation = Part of the events of a skeletal muscle contraction involving nerve impulses, calcium release, and the formation of cross bridges between thick and thin filaments

Consist of 80% of the cell volume = Myofibrils Stores calcium for muscle cell contraction = Sarcoplasmic reticulum Where the end of a motor neuron communicates with the sarcolemma of a muscle cell = Neuromuscular junction Consists of a single motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it controls, with different degrees of coordination and power in different muscle groups = Motor unit