Skeletal and Muscular Systems Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which type of skeleton forms the central axis of the body?

Axial skeleton (correct)

Ribs

Skull

Appendicular skeleton

What is the longest and biggest bone in the human body?

Femur (correct)

Atlas

Stapes

Tibia

How many bones are there in the human skeletal system?

80 bones

126 bones

206 bones (correct)

300 bones

Which type of bone forms the hard, outer shell of bones?

Compact bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the skeleton in the human body?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which bone is responsible for the pivot joint in the neck?

Atlas Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell breaks down bone tissue by bone reabsorption?

Osteoclast Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell regenerates bone tissue by bone deposition?

Osteoblast Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of bone remodeling?

To regulate the body's calcium levels Signup and view all the answers

Which skeletal differences are commonly observed between men and women?

Men have longer legs and arms Signup and view all the answers

What is the Q angle?

The angle between the thighs and the lower legs Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle interacts with bones to produce voluntary body movements?

Skeletal muscle Signup and view all the answers

Which step in muscle contraction involves myosin changing shape and pulling actin toward the center of the sarcomere?

Step 7 Signup and view all the answers

What happens when an action potential travels down a motor neuron to a muscle cell membrane?

Myosin is released from its binding on the actin filament Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ATP in muscle contraction?

ATP binds to myosin Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for the differences in muscle mass between men and women?

Testosterone Signup and view all the answers

What is the main symptom of muscular dystrophy?

Skeletal muscle weakness Signup and view all the answers

What happens when myosin head binds to an actin molecule in muscle contraction?

The muscle fiber shortens Signup and view all the answers

What causes the death of muscle cells and tissue in muscular dystrophy?

Defects in muscle proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of ATP in muscle contraction?

ATP binds to myosin Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Human Skeletal System

The axial skeleton forms the central axis of the body, providing structural support and protection for the brain, spine, and thoracic organs.
The femur is the longest and largest bone in the human body, crucial for weight-bearing and locomotion.
An adult human skeletal system typically consists of 206 bones, varying in number during development and age.
Cortical bone, also known as compact bone, forms the hard, outer shell of bones, providing strength and stability.

Functions and Structure of the Skeleton

The skeleton serves multiple functions including support, protection of vital organs, movement facilitation, mineral storage, and hematopoiesis (blood cell production).
The atlas (C1 vertebra) is responsible for the pivot joint in the neck, allowing for head rotation.

Bone Cells and Remodeling

Osteoclasts are specialized cells that break down bone tissue through the process of bone resorption, helping to regulate calcium levels in the body.
Osteoblasts are the cells that regenerate bone tissue via bone deposition, essential for growth and repair.
Bone remodeling's main function is to maintain bone strength and mineral homeostasis, adapting to mechanical stresses and repairing micro-damages.

Gender Differences in Skeleton

Common skeletal differences observed between men and women include variations in pelvic structure, bone density, and overall size, usually attributed to hormonal influences and evolutionary factors.
The Q angle refers to the angle formed between the quadriceps muscle and the patellar tendon, significant for assessing knee function and potential injury risk.

Muscle Interaction with Bones

Skeletal muscle interacts with bones to produce voluntary body movements, under conscious control and influenced by the nervous system.
In muscle contraction, the power stroke occurs when myosin changes shape and pulls actin filaments toward the center of the sarcomere, leading to muscle shortening.

Neuro-muscular Function and ATP Role

When an action potential travels down a motor neuron, it triggers a release of neurotransmitters at the muscle cell membrane, leading to muscle contraction initiation.
ATP is essential in muscle contraction for providing the energy required for myosin heads to detach from actin and reset for the next contraction cycle.

Hormones and Muscle Mass

Testosterone is the hormone responsible for the differences in muscle mass between men and women, influencing muscle size and strength characteristics.
The main symptom of muscular dystrophy is progressive muscle weakness and degeneration, leading to mobility issues and complications.

Myosin and Actin Interaction

When a myosin head binds to an actin molecule during muscle contraction, it forms a cross-bridge, allowing contraction to occur as part of the sliding filament theory.
Muscle cell and tissue death in muscular dystrophy are often caused by genetic mutations that disrupt the production of proteins needed for muscle integrity, leading to muscle degeneration.

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Description

Test your knowledge of the skeletal and muscular systems with this quiz! Explore topics such as the axial and appendicular skeletons, bones, cartilage, and more.