Human Skeletal System Structure

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Questions and Answers

How many phalanges does each thumb contain?

One

Two (correct)

Four

Three

What is the largest and uppermost bone of the pelvic girdle called?

Patella

Ischium

Pubis

Ilium (correct)

What is the anatomical term for the kneecap?

Carpals

Tibia

Patella (correct)

Femur

What allows a wide range of movement between the thumb metacarpal and the trapezium?

Freely movable joint Signup and view all the answers

Which pair of bones are included in the three pairs that fuse to form the pelvic girdle?

Ischium and pubis Signup and view all the answers

Which bone articulates with the acetabulum?

Femur Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of the patella?

It protects the knee joint Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bones is not part of the lower extremities?

Clavicle Signup and view all the answers

What are the first seven pairs of ribs known as?

True ribs Signup and view all the answers

Which bones form the shoulder girdles?

Clavicles and scapulae Signup and view all the answers

How many carpal bones are present in the human wrist?

8 Signup and view all the answers

What is the ulna's location relative to the radius in the arm?

On the little finger side Signup and view all the answers

What connects the clavicles to the sternum?

Sternoclavicular joint Signup and view all the answers

What type of movement do the bones of the hand facilitate?

Movement Signup and view all the answers

What are the long bones that form the palm of the hand called?

Metacarpals Signup and view all the answers

Which description fits false ribs?

They don’t attach directly to the sternum. Signup and view all the answers

Which bone forms the lower jaw of the face?

Mandible Signup and view all the answers

What part of the face is formed by the nasal bones?

The upper part of the bridge of the nose Signup and view all the answers

Which bones contribute to the formation of the hard palate?

Palatine bones Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the joints between vertebrae?

Enable forward, backward, and sideways movement Signup and view all the answers

Which bone is referred to as the shinbone?

Tibia Signup and view all the answers

What structure does the articulation of the fibula, tibia, and talus create?

Lateral malleolus Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'spondylos' imply in relation to the spine?

Joint between bones Signup and view all the answers

Which bones are included in the facial structure?

Lacrimal and vomer bones Signup and view all the answers

What is the largest tarsal bone in the foot?

Calcaneus Signup and view all the answers

What role does the spinal column play?

It supports the head and suspends the ribs Signup and view all the answers

How many phalanges are found in each toe, except for the great toe?

3 Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bone is specifically classified as a long bone?

Tibia Signup and view all the answers

Which bone helps form part of the nasal septum?

Vomer bone Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bones is classified as an irregular bone?

Vertebra Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of strong ligaments and tendons in the foot?

To stabilize the arch Signup and view all the answers

Which three bones are classified as cuneiforms?

Lateral, Intermediate, Medial Signup and view all the answers

What was the sacrum previously known as?

os sacrum Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the spinal column is formed by the fusion of five vertebrae?

Sacrum Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the intervertebral disks?

To cushion the vertebrae Signup and view all the answers

The thoracic cage serves which primary purpose?

Protecting vital organs Signup and view all the answers

Which vertebrae are located in the neck region?

Cervical vertebrae Signup and view all the answers

How many vertebrae are in the human spinal column?

33 Signup and view all the answers

What shape is the sternum described as?

Sword-shaped Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is not part of the spinal column?

Sternum Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Phalanges and Their Structure

Phalanges refer to the finger bones, with each finger containing three phalanges and the thumb having two.
The thumb metacarpal connects to the trapezium, allowing for a wide range of movement.

Lower Extremities

The lower extremities consist of bones from the hip, thigh, leg, ankle, and foot.
The pelvic girdle is formed by the fusion of three pairs of bones: ilium (largest), ischium (strongest), and pubis (anterior bones).

Femurs and Joint Connections

Femurs are the longest and heaviest bones in the body, articulating with the acetabulum at the hip and the tibia at the knee.
The patella (kneecap) protects the knee joint and overlaps the femur and tibia.

Facial Bones

Key facial bones include two maxillary bones (upper jaw, nose), two zygomatic bones (cheekbones), two nasal bones (bridge of the nose), and the mandible (lower jaw).
Other significant bones are two lacrimal bones (tear ducts), vomer (nasal septum), and two palatine bones (hard palate).

Spinal Column

Comprises 24 vertebrae, sacrum, and coccyx, supporting the head and protecting the spinal cord.
The spinal column consists of cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5) vertebrae, the sacrum, and the coccyx.
Intervertebral disks cushion the vertebrae, allowing flexible movement and supporting balance.

Sacrum and Coccyx

The sacrum, formerly os sacrum, is linked to the pelvic girdle.
Coccyx, or tailbone, derives its name from the Greek word for cuckoo.

Chest and Ribs

The sternum is a flat, sword-shaped bone anchoring the clavicles and protecting vital organs.
Ribs attach to the thoracic spine; the first seven pairs are true ribs (attached to sternum), while the remaining five pairs are false ribs.

Appendicular Skeleton

Includes upper and lower extremities; clavicles connect anteriorly to the sternum and laterally to scapulae.
The humerus (upper arm) articulates with the ulna (little finger side) and radius (thumb side).

Bones of the Hand

The hand consists of metacarpal bones forming the palm and phalanges (finger bones).
Bones of the wrist comprise eight carpal bones linked by ligaments.

Tibia and Fibula

The tibia (shinbone) is the largest lower leg bone, connecting proximally to the femur and distally to the fibula and talus.
The fibula connects at both ends to the tibia and contributes to the ankle structure.

Foot Structure

The foot maintains stability through an arch formed by seven tarsal bones: talus, calcaneus (heel), scaphoid (navicular), cuneiforms, and cuboid.
Five metatarsal bones articulate with tarsals and phalanges, while fourteen phalanges in the toes mimic the fingers (three per toe except for the big toe, which has two).

Classification of Bones

Bones are classified by shape:
- Long bones: main limb bones (excluding the patella, wrist, and ankle bones).
- Short bones: found in wrists and ankles.
- Flat bones: include the sternum, scapulae, and cranium.
- Irregular bones: consist of vertebrae and hip bones.

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Description

Explore the intricate structure of the human skeletal system, focusing on phalanges, lower extremities, femurs, and facial bones. This quiz covers the unique features and connections of the bones in each area, providing insights into their functions and relationships within the body.