Skeletal Anatomy Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which bones form the nasal septum?

Tarsal bones

Metatarsal bones

Ethmoid bone and vomer (correct)

Phalanges

Which curve of the vertebral column develops as the infant learns to balance the weight of the head on the vertebrae of the neck?

Lumbar curve

Cervical curve (correct)

Sacral curve

Thoracic curve

Which ribs are considered true ribs?

Ribs 8-10

Ribs 8-12

Ribs 1-7 (correct)

Ribs 11-12

What type of joint is formed by the head of the humerus and the scapula?

Ball and socket joint Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the abdominal wall and pelvic cavity floor composed of skeletal muscle?

Guard entrances and exits Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of tendons in relation to muscles?

Attach muscle to bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of acetylcholine (Ach) in muscle contraction?

To connect with myosin during contraction Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the skin is responsible for constant cell division through mitosis?

Stratum basale Signup and view all the answers

What is the thinnest layer of the skin?

Epidermis Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the skin contains fibers and is responsible for its stretchiness?

Dermis Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the skin contains glands, blood vessels, hair, and sensory nerves?

Dermis Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the skin is composed of adipose tissue and stores fat?

Subcutaneous layer Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the skin is responsible for the spiny appearance of keratinocytes?

Stratum spinosum Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the skin is the topmost layer that can be touched?

Epidermis Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme breaks down acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft?

Acetylcholinesterase Signup and view all the answers

What triggers sodium to enter the muscle cell?

Acetylcholine receptor binding Signup and view all the answers

What type of muscle cells rely on aerobic metabolism?

Cardiac muscle cells Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle cells lack myofibrils, sarcomeres, and striations?

Smooth muscle cells Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle cells have thick filaments scattered throughout the sarcoplasm?

Smooth muscle cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the energy source for muscle contraction?

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to muscle fiber ATP reserves during contraction?

They are depleted Signup and view all the answers

What is one effect of aging on skeletal muscle?

Decreased thermoregulation Signup and view all the answers

Which system controls heart rate, respiratory rate, and release of stored energy during exercise?

Nervous and endocrine systems Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the skin is responsible for making keratin and becoming water resistant?

Stratum granulosum Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the skin is densely packed with flat keratinized dead cells and is only found in thick skin?

Stratum lucidum Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the skin is the part that you touch when you touch your skin, and is comprised of 15 to 30 layers of keratinized cells?

Stratum corneum Signup and view all the answers

How long does it take for a cell to move from the stratum basale to the stratum corneum?

7-10 days Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of melanocytes in the skin?

Produce melanin Signup and view all the answers

What is the pigment that colors the skin?

Melanin Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the epiphyseal line in bones?

To indicate bone maturity Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nasal Septum and Vertebral Column

The nasal septum is formed by the vomer bone and the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone.
The cervical curve of the vertebral column develops as infants learn to balance the head's weight on the neck.

Ribs and Joints

True ribs are the first seven pairs of ribs that directly attach to the sternum.
The joint formed by the head of the humerus and the scapula is a ball-and-socket joint, allowing for a wide range of motion.

Muscle and Tendons

The abdominal wall and pelvic cavity floor function to support the abdominal organs, maintain posture, and assist in movements like exhalation and childbirth.
Tendons connect muscles to bones, transmitting force generated by muscle contractions to facilitate movement.

Acetylcholine and Muscle Contraction

Acetylcholine (Ach) triggers muscle contractions by binding to receptors on the muscle cell membrane, leading to depolarization.
The enzyme acetylcholinesterase breaks down acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft, terminating the signal for muscle contraction.

Skin Layers and Their Functions

The stratum basale is responsible for continuous cell division through mitosis.
The thinnest layer of skin is the stratum corneum.
The dermis contains collagen and elastin fibers, contributing to skin's elasticity.
The dermis also houses sweat glands, blood vessels, hair follicles, and sensory nerves.
The hypodermis, composed of adipose tissue, stores fat and provides insulation.
The spiny appearance of keratinocytes is observed in the stratum spinosum.
The epidermis, consisting of multiple layers, forms the topmost touchable layer of skin.

Muscle Physiology

Aerobic metabolism is relied upon by slow-twitch muscle fibers, suited for endurance activities.
Smooth muscle cells lack myofibrils, sarcomeres, and striations, distinguishing them from skeletal muscle.
Cardiac muscle cells have thick filaments dispersed throughout the sarcoplasm, allowing for contractions.
ATP serves as the primary energy source for muscle contractions.
During muscle contraction, ATP reserves in muscle fibers diminish as they are utilized for energy.

Aging and Body Systems

One effect of aging on skeletal muscle is a decrease in muscle mass and strength.
The autonomic nervous system controls heart rate, respiratory rate, and the release of stored energy during exercise.

Keratin and Skin Layers

Keratinocytes in the stratum granulosum produce keratin, enhancing the skin's water resistance.
The stratum lucidum is densely packed with flat, keratinized dead cells, found only in thick skin.
The stratum corneum comprises 15 to 30 layers of keratinized cells and is the outermost layer of touchable skin.
It takes approximately 4 to 6 weeks for skin cells to move from the stratum basale to the stratum corneum.

Pigmentation and Bone Structure

Melanocytes produce melanin, which gives color to the skin.
The epiphyseal line in long bones indicates the site where growth plates once existed, signaling the end of bone growth.

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Description

Test your knowledge of skeletal anatomy with this quiz! Explore the tarsal bones, metatarsal bones, and phalanges, as well as the nasal complex and vertebral column. Learn about the nasal septum and its components, and discover the different vertebrae in the cervical region. Perfect for anatomy enthusiasts and medical students!