Full Length Part 3

What is the rationale for positioning the patient as far away from the radiation source as possible during an angiogram?

Which procedure is preferred for recurrent or pervasive pilonidal disease?

Why is creating off-midline incisions for pilonidal cysts considered beneficial?

Which serum tumor marker is elevated in the majority of nonseminomatous germ cell tumors?

When is β-hCG elevated in seminomas?

Why should the image intensifier be positioned as close to the patient as possible during an angiogram?

Which procedure involves en bloc resection of the parathyroid gland and ipsilateral thyroid lobe?

What is the best initial surgical management for a rare type of hernia that is present inferior to the inguinal ligament?

Which testing should be recommended as a first-line test in patients with suspected Cushing syndrome, according to The Endocrine Society's clinical guidelines?

Which type of ryanodine receptor is expressed in the myocardium?

What is the treatment for Helicobacter pylori if a penicillin allergy is present?

What is the most feared complication after total or partial gastrectomy, especially with Billroth II reconstruction?

What causes duodenal atresia?

"The finding of a 'double-bubble' sign on abdominal radiography is usually pathognomonic for" which condition?

Which of the following factors should prompt consideration of conversion to an open approach during laparoscopic intervention?

What is the most effective initial treatment for patients with type I hiatal hernias who are asymptomatic?

What condition is characterized by a deficiency in phosphate and worsened by insulin surge with the administration of food/nutrition?

What gene mutation is associated with Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome?

What type of hiatal hernia presents with dysphagia, early satiety, and postprandial pain?

Which gene mutation is associated with retinoblastoma?

What type of cholesteatoma arises from either retraction pockets within the tympanic membrane or secondarily from a tympanic membrane perforation?

What is the best treatment for refeeding syndrome?

What is the main treatment modality for signs of refeeding syndrome when nutritional support is started?

Which gene mutation is associated with breast and ovarian cancer?

What type of atrial septal defect causes a left-to-right shunt with potential development of congestive heart failure?

What is the mechanism of action in refeeding syndrome?

What is the most appropriate surgical resection for a tumor in the proximal transverse colon?

What is the terminal branch of the superior mesenteric artery that supplies blood flow to the terminal ileum and the proximal ascending colon?

Which treatment involves division of both branches of the middle colic artery and the origin of the inferior mesenteric artery?

What is the definitive treatment for mediastinitis?

What are the risk factors for developing mediastinitis?

What are the most common locations for an accessory spleen?

What is Pancoast syndrome associated with?

What is the most common acute transfusion reaction?

What is the drug of choice for closure of persistent ductus arteriosus?

What should be done to obtain infectious source control in anorectal Crohn abscess/fistula?

What should be avoided in all but the most simple and superficial fistulas in patients with no evidence of proctitis?

Which medications have been shown to improve fistulizing Crohn disease?

What is the antidote for acetaminophen toxicity?

Which factors may lead to increased 30-day mortality following emergency laparotomy?

What is the preferred agent for managing esophageal variceal bleeding in the United States?

What is the reversal agent for the neuromuscular blockers rocuronium and vecuronium?

What can cause a clinically significant decrease in oral fluoroquinolone bioavailability and an overall increase in fluoroquinolone-resistant bacteria?

What is used as an antidote for sodium nitroprusside toxicity and cyanide toxicity?

In which patients is intracranial pressure monitoring indicated?

Which agent antagonizes cardiac depression in beta-blocker toxicity?

What imaging is used to rule out motility disorders such as diffuse esophageal spasm or esophageal web/strictures?

What is the most common age range for pancreatic cancer cases?

What is the initial management focus for patients with esophageal variceal bleeding?

What is the primary treatment for melanoma?

What is the most common type of thyroid cancer?

What is the mnemonic recommended by ATLS for the history component in the secondary survey?

Which cells are considered obligate glucose users?

What is the primary fuel source for neoplastic cells?

What is the etiology of chylous ascites in a patient with end-stage pancreatic cancer?

What is the recommended treatment for non-disseminated cancer or long stricture associated with esophageal perforation?

What is the most common cause of Wernicke encephalopathy?

What are the manifestations of thiamine deficiency?