Podcast
Questions and Answers
O sistema nervoso é composto por células especializadas chamadas ______.
O sistema nervoso é composto por células especializadas chamadas ______.
neurônios
O sistema nervoso central (SNC) é formado pelo ______ e pela medula espinhal.
O sistema nervoso central (SNC) é formado pelo ______ e pela medula espinhal.
cérebro
O sistema nervoso autônomo regula funções involuntárias, como ______, digestão e respiração.
O sistema nervoso autônomo regula funções involuntárias, como ______, digestão e respiração.
frequência cardíaca
Os ______ são células de suporte do sistema nervoso.
Os ______ são células de suporte do sistema nervoso.
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Os ______ transmitem sinais químicos entre os neurônios durante a comunicação.
Os ______ transmitem sinais químicos entre os neurônios durante a comunicação.
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As células gliais fornecem suporte, isolamento e nutrição para os ______.
As células gliais fornecem suporte, isolamento e nutrição para os ______.
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A ______ é responsável por relatar mensagens entre o cérebro e o resto do corpo.
A ______ é responsável por relatar mensagens entre o cérebro e o resto do corpo.
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O ______ é responsável por funções cognitivas superiores, como pensar, aprender e lembrar.
O ______ é responsável por funções cognitivas superiores, como pensar, aprender e lembrar.
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O sistema nervoso se desenvolve a partir de uma estrutura embrionária ______.
O sistema nervoso se desenvolve a partir de uma estrutura embrionária ______.
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Doenças neurológicas, como a ______ e a doença de Alzheimer, podem afetar o sistema nervoso.
Doenças neurológicas, como a ______ e a doença de Alzheimer, podem afetar o sistema nervoso.
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Study Notes
General Overview
- The nervous system is a complex network of specialized cells, neurons, that transmit information throughout the body.
- It's responsible for coordinating actions, processing sensory information, and regulating bodily functions.
- Two major divisions: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
Central Nervous System (CNS)
- Composed of the brain and spinal cord.
- The brain serves as the control center for thoughts, emotions, memory, and voluntary actions.
- Subdivisions include cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem.
- The spinal cord transmits information between the brain and the rest of the body.
- Acts as a pathway for reflexes and other involuntary responses.
- Protected by the skull and vertebrae.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
- Connects the CNS to the rest of the body.
- Composed of nerves that extend from the brain and spinal cord to various organs and tissues.
- Divided into the somatic and autonomic nervous systems.
Somatic Nervous System
- Controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles.
- Sensory neurons transmit information about touch, temperature, and pain to the CNS.
- Motor neurons carry signals from the CNS to the muscles, initiating movement.
Autonomic Nervous System
- Controls involuntary functions, such as heart rate, digestion, and breathing.
- Further divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.
Sympathetic Nervous System
- Activated during stress or excitement.
- "Fight-or-flight" response.
- Increases heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate.
- Dilates pupils.
Parasympathetic Nervous System
- Activated during relaxation or rest.
- "Rest-and-digest" response.
- Decreases heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate.
- Constricts pupils.
Neurons
- Basic functional units of the nervous system.
- Contain a cell body, dendrites, and an axon.
- Dendrites receive signals, axons transmit signals.
- Communicate with each other through synapses, releasing neurotransmitters.
Neurotransmitters
- Chemical messengers that transmit signals across synapses.
- Examples include dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and norepinephrine.
- Different neurotransmitters have different effects on the body.
Sensory Receptors
- Specialized cells that detect stimuli from the environment or within the body.
- Different types of receptors exist for different sensations, such as touch, light, sound, and taste.
Glial Cells
- Supporting cells of the nervous system.
- Provide support, insulation, and nourishment for neurons.
- Outnumber neurons in the brain.
Spinal Cord
- Important for relaying messages between the brain and the rest of the body.
- Contains tracts of nerve fibers that transmit sensory and motor information.
- Involved in simple reflexes.
Brain Structure
- Different regions of the brain perform specialized functions.
- Cerebrum is responsible for higher cognitive functions, like thinking, learning, and memory.
- Cerebellum coordinates movement and balance.
Brain Function
- The brain integrates information from various sources, leading to thoughts, emotions, and actions.
- Different regions are responsible for different processes across brain functions.
Development
- The nervous system develops from an early embryonic structure.
- Neurons develop and migrate to their designated locations.
- Connections between neurons form throughout life and are modified by experience.
Disorders
- Various neurological disorders can affect the nervous system.
- Examples include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, and stroke.
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Description
Este quiz aborda o sistema nervoso, explicando suas divisões principais: o sistema nervoso central (SNC) e o sistema nervoso periférico (SNP). Você aprenderá sobre as funções do cérebro, da medula espinhal e como eles se conectam com o resto do corpo. Teste seus conhecimentos sobre esta fascinante rede de células especializadas.
