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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a listed type of single-pass receptor?
Which of the following is NOT a listed type of single-pass receptor?
- Janus Kinase Receptors (correct)
- Serine and Threonine Kinase receptors
- Guanylyl Cyclase Receptors
- Tyrosine Phosphatase receptors
What is the immediate effect of a ligand binding to a Tyrosine Kinase Receptor (TKR)?
What is the immediate effect of a ligand binding to a Tyrosine Kinase Receptor (TKR)?
- Activation of SOS proteins
- Auto-phosphorylation of tyrosine residues (correct)
- Hydrolysis of GTP to GDP
- Activation of STAT proteins
Which protein is directly activated by the SOS protein after the auto-phosphorylation of the Tyrosine Kinase Receptor?
Which protein is directly activated by the SOS protein after the auto-phosphorylation of the Tyrosine Kinase Receptor?
- MAP Kinase
- Ras Protein (correct)
- Raf Protein Kinase
- STAT Protein
What is the role of JAK proteins in Tyrosine Kinase Associated Receptors (TKAR) signaling?
What is the role of JAK proteins in Tyrosine Kinase Associated Receptors (TKAR) signaling?
What is the function of STAT proteins after they are stimulated in the Tyrosine Kinase Associated Receptor pathway?
What is the function of STAT proteins after they are stimulated in the Tyrosine Kinase Associated Receptor pathway?
What is the primary function of Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptors?
What is the primary function of Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptors?
What type of protein does Protein Kinase G (PKG) phosphorylate after activation by cyclic GMP in the Guanylyl Cyclase Receptor pathway?
What type of protein does Protein Kinase G (PKG) phosphorylate after activation by cyclic GMP in the Guanylyl Cyclase Receptor pathway?
Which of the the following is a ligand for Tyrosine Kinase Receptors?
Which of the the following is a ligand for Tyrosine Kinase Receptors?
Which one of the options is considered a related ligand for Tyrosine Kinase Associated Receptors?
Which one of the options is considered a related ligand for Tyrosine Kinase Associated Receptors?
What molecules do Serine and Threonine Kinase Receptors phosphorylate?
What molecules do Serine and Threonine Kinase Receptors phosphorylate?
What is the product of Guanylyl Cyclase Receptor (GCR) activation?
What is the product of Guanylyl Cyclase Receptor (GCR) activation?
What normally activates Guanylyl Cyclase enzymes found in the cytosol?
What normally activates Guanylyl Cyclase enzymes found in the cytosol?
Which of the following is a function of Raf protein kinase?
Which of the following is a function of Raf protein kinase?
Which ligand is a hormone that controls blood pressure and fluids in the body, released by the heart?
Which ligand is a hormone that controls blood pressure and fluids in the body, released by the heart?
What must occur when a ligand binds to Tyrosine Kinase Associated Receptors (TKAR)?
What must occur when a ligand binds to Tyrosine Kinase Associated Receptors (TKAR)?
Flashcards
Tyrosine Kinase Receptors (TKR)
Tyrosine Kinase Receptors (TKR)
Receptors located on the cell surface that, when activated by ligand binding, trigger tyrosine kinase activity, leading to intracellular signaling cascades.
Tyrosine Kinase Associated Receptors (TKAR)
Tyrosine Kinase Associated Receptors (TKAR)
Receptors that dimerize upon ligand binding, activating Janus Kinases (JAKs). JAKs phosphorylate tyrosine residues, which then bind and activate STAT proteins to regulate gene transcription.
Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptors
Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptors
Receptors possessing an intrinsic phosphatase domain that removes phosphate groups from tyrosine residues, counteracting the effects of tyrosine kinases.
Serine/Threonine Kinase Receptors
Serine/Threonine Kinase Receptors
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Guanylyl Cyclase Receptors (GCR)
Guanylyl Cyclase Receptors (GCR)
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Ras Protein
Ras Protein
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Tyrosine Phosphatases
Tyrosine Phosphatases
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Study Notes
- There are 5 types of single-pass receptors.
Single-Pass Receptor Types
- Tyrosine kinase receptors
- Tyrosine kinase associated receptors
- Tyrosine phosphatase receptors
- Serine and threonine kinase receptors
- Guanylyl cyclase receptors
Tyrosine Kinase Receptor (TKR)
- Located on the outside of the cell and attached to the tyrosine kinase enzyme on the inside
- When a ligand binds to TKR, it auto-phosphorylates the tyrosine residue
- This causes Sulfhydryl (SHâ‚‚) protein to be activated, which activates the SOS (Sons of Sevenless) proteins
- These proteins stimulate Ras Protein (monomeric G-protein), causing it to lose GDP and gain GTP
- Ras Protein stimulates rat protein kinase (Raf protein kinase), which prompts Map Kinase to stimulate/phosphorylate certain transcription factors
- These initiate transcription and then translation of mRNA into new proteins
- Related ligands include Insulin, Epidermal Growth Factor, Nerve Growth Factor, Platelet Growth Factor, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, and Fibroblastic Growth Factor
Tyrosine Kinase Associated Receptors (TKAR)
- Also called Janus Kinase (JAK) proteins
- Two of them are located on the cell membrane
- When a ligand binds, the receptors dimerize, and Janus Kinase (a special form of tyrosine kinase) binds to the receptors
- JAK proteins cross-phosphorylate the tyrosine residue, meaning they phosphorylate tyrosine residue of the opposing TKAR.
- A STAT Protein (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) binds to the phosphorylated tyrosine residue and gets stimulated
- STAT then separates from the TKAR, undergoes crosslinkage, enters the nucleus, and stimulates transcription of certain genes
- Related ligands include growth hormones, prolactin, cytokines, interleukin-2 (a type of cytokine), and T and B cell receptors
Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptors
- These receptors have an intrinsic domain that un-phosphorylates tyrosine residues
- Related ligands include the protein CD45
Serine and Threonine Kinase Receptors
- Possess an intrinsic domain that causes the phosphorylation of serine and threonine residues on target cells
Guanylyl Cyclase Receptor (GCR)
- The intrinsic domain converts GTP into cyclic GMP
- High levels of cGMP activate Protein Kinase G (PKG), which phosphorylates only intrinsic proteins
- Related ligands include Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP), which is a hormone that controls blood pressure and fluids and is released by the heart
- Some forms of guanylyl cyclase enzymes are found in the cytosol and are activated by nitric oxide, otherwise the conversions and action is the same as GCR
- Related ligands include Beta Transforming Growth Factor (BTGF)
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