Podcast
Questions and Answers
Under Singapore's Insolvency, Restructuring and Dissolution Act (IRDA), which Part specifically governs judicial management?
Under Singapore's Insolvency, Restructuring and Dissolution Act (IRDA), which Part specifically governs judicial management?
- Part 7 (correct)
- Part 8
- Part 6
- Part 5
Judicial management in Singapore was primarily introduced as a response to the 2008 Global Financial Crisis to stabilize financially distressed companies.
Judicial management in Singapore was primarily introduced as a response to the 2008 Global Financial Crisis to stabilize financially distressed companies.
False (B)
Explain the dual aims of judicial management in the context of corporate insolvency, as it was originally conceived in Singapore.
Explain the dual aims of judicial management in the context of corporate insolvency, as it was originally conceived in Singapore.
Rehabilitation and preservation
In Singapore, judicial management is considered a preferred alternative to __________, positioning the latter as a measure of last resort.
In Singapore, judicial management is considered a preferred alternative to __________, positioning the latter as a measure of last resort.
Match the feature of judicial management with its description:
Match the feature of judicial management with its description:
What is the fundamental financial criterion a company must meet to be eligible for judicial management in Singapore?
What is the fundamental financial criterion a company must meet to be eligible for judicial management in Singapore?
To successfully apply for a judicial management order, an applicant must demonstrate with certainty that all three statutory purposes outlined in s89(1)(a)-(c) of the IRDA will be achieved.
To successfully apply for a judicial management order, an applicant must demonstrate with certainty that all three statutory purposes outlined in s89(1)(a)-(c) of the IRDA will be achieved.
Name the three statutory purposes that an applicant must demonstrate are likely to be achieved for a judicial management order to be granted under the IRDA.
Name the three statutory purposes that an applicant must demonstrate are likely to be achieved for a judicial management order to be granted under the IRDA.
According to s91(6) of the IRDA, a court must dismiss a judicial management application if it is opposed by a person entitled to appoint a receiver and manager under a debenture with a floating charge, and if the prejudice to the opposing person is __________ greater than the prejudice to unsecured creditors.
According to s91(6) of the IRDA, a court must dismiss a judicial management application if it is opposed by a person entitled to appoint a receiver and manager under a debenture with a floating charge, and if the prejudice to the opposing person is __________ greater than the prejudice to unsecured creditors.
Under what specific circumstance, as per s91(10) IRDA, can a court still proceed with appointing judicial managers even when there is opposition from a floating charge holder?
Under what specific circumstance, as per s91(10) IRDA, can a court still proceed with appointing judicial managers even when there is opposition from a floating charge holder?
In Re Cosmotron Electronics (Singapore) Pte Ltd, the High Court ruled in favor of judicial management primarily because it was deemed to be in the public interest to relocate manufacturing assets.
In Re Cosmotron Electronics (Singapore) Pte Ltd, the High Court ruled in favor of judicial management primarily because it was deemed to be in the public interest to relocate manufacturing assets.
What key clarification did the High Court provide in Re Bintan Lagoon Resort Ltd regarding the 'public interest' test for judicial management?
What key clarification did the High Court provide in Re Bintan Lagoon Resort Ltd regarding the 'public interest' test for judicial management?
According to Section 90 IRDA, a judicial management application can be initiated by the company itself via a __________ resolution.
According to Section 90 IRDA, a judicial management application can be initiated by the company itself via a __________ resolution.
Apart from the company itself, which other parties are explicitly authorized under Section 90 IRDA to apply for a court-ordered judicial management?
Apart from the company itself, which other parties are explicitly authorized under Section 90 IRDA to apply for a court-ordered judicial management?
A judicial management application in Singapore is typically commenced through an informal written request to the High Court.
A judicial management application in Singapore is typically commenced through an informal written request to the High Court.
What primary document must support a judicial management application to outline the factual and legal basis for the request?
What primary document must support a judicial management application to outline the factual and legal basis for the request?
Unlike court-ordered judicial management, voluntary judicial management can be initiated by a __________ resolution at a creditors' meeting, without a court order.
Unlike court-ordered judicial management, voluntary judicial management can be initiated by a __________ resolution at a creditors' meeting, without a court order.
In voluntary judicial management, what initial step is typically required before convening a creditors' meeting to approve the process?
In voluntary judicial management, what initial step is typically required before convening a creditors' meeting to approve the process?
Any individual can be appointed as a judicial manager, provided they have sufficient business management experience.
Any individual can be appointed as a judicial manager, provided they have sufficient business management experience.
According to s50 IRDA, what is the essential professional qualification required for an individual to be appointed as a judicial manager in Singapore?
According to s50 IRDA, what is the essential professional qualification required for an individual to be appointed as a judicial manager in Singapore?
Upon application for judicial management, a statutory __________ is immediately imposed, preventing actions such as winding up resolutions and enforcement of security over company property.
Upon application for judicial management, a statutory __________ is immediately imposed, preventing actions such as winding up resolutions and enforcement of security over company property.
Which of the following actions is NOT automatically prevented by the statutory moratorium that comes into effect upon a judicial management application?
Which of the following actions is NOT automatically prevented by the statutory moratorium that comes into effect upon a judicial management application?
The moratorium after a judicial management order is narrower in scope compared to the moratorium that applies immediately upon application.
The moratorium after a judicial management order is narrower in scope compared to the moratorium that applies immediately upon application.
What is the standard initial duration of a judicial management order in Singapore, unless it is discharged earlier?
What is the standard initial duration of a judicial management order in Singapore, unless it is discharged earlier?
According to s111(3) IRDA, an extension of a JM order beyond the initial period can be approved by a __________ of creditors, without needing a court order.
According to s111(3) IRDA, an extension of a JM order beyond the initial period can be approved by a __________ of creditors, without needing a court order.
Which of the following is NOT typically considered an immediate step a judicial manager must undertake upon appointment?
Which of the following is NOT typically considered an immediate step a judicial manager must undertake upon appointment?
A judicial manager has the power to deal with property held by the company under trust, if necessary, to maximize asset realisation for creditors.
A judicial manager has the power to deal with property held by the company under trust, if necessary, to maximize asset realisation for creditors.
What is a key limitation on a judicial manager's power regarding payments, specifically concerning debts incurred before the judicial management period?
What is a key limitation on a judicial manager's power regarding payments, specifically concerning debts incurred before the judicial management period?
A judicial manager must send a statement of proposals to creditors within __________ days from the date of the judicial management order, as per Section 107 IRDA.
A judicial manager must send a statement of proposals to creditors within __________ days from the date of the judicial management order, as per Section 107 IRDA.
Under Section 112 IRDA, when is a judicial manager duty-bound to apply to the Court for the discharge of a judicial management order?
Under Section 112 IRDA, when is a judicial manager duty-bound to apply to the Court for the discharge of a judicial management order?
Under s115 IRDA, only the general body of creditors can seek relief from the court if a judicial manager's actions are unfairly prejudicial.
Under s115 IRDA, only the general body of creditors can seek relief from the court if a judicial manager's actions are unfairly prejudicial.
Under the Insolvency, Restructuring and Dissolution Act (IRDA), what condition regarding solvency must a company meet to be eligible for judicial management?
Under the Insolvency, Restructuring and Dissolution Act (IRDA), what condition regarding solvency must a company meet to be eligible for judicial management?
According to the criteria outlined in s91(6) IRDA, a court is obligated to reject a judicial management application if the prejudice to the opponent is deemed disproportionately greater than that to unsecured creditors, but this obligation is absolute and cannot be overridden under any circumstances.
According to the criteria outlined in s91(6) IRDA, a court is obligated to reject a judicial management application if the prejudice to the opponent is deemed disproportionately greater than that to unsecured creditors, but this obligation is absolute and cannot be overridden under any circumstances.
According to Section 107 of the IRDA, what specific document articulating a strategy to fulfill statutory aims must a judicial manager furnish to creditors, and within what timeframe following the judicial management order must this occur?
According to Section 107 of the IRDA, what specific document articulating a strategy to fulfill statutory aims must a judicial manager furnish to creditors, and within what timeframe following the judicial management order must this occur?
In the context of judicial management under the IRDA, what is the effect of s96(5) on contractual rights of set-off?
In the context of judicial management under the IRDA, what is the effect of s96(5) on contractual rights of set-off?
Under Singapore's IRDA, once a company is placed under judicial management, the directors retain their powers to make strategic decisions for the company, albeit under the supervision of the judicial manager.
Under Singapore's IRDA, once a company is placed under judicial management, the directors retain their powers to make strategic decisions for the company, albeit under the supervision of the judicial manager.
According to the IRDA, a Court must dismiss a judicial management application if the application is opposed by a person entitled to appoint Receiver and Manager under a debenture secured by a floating charge, and if the prejudice caused to the person opposing is ‘______’ than prejudice caused to unsecured creditors.
According to the IRDA, a Court must dismiss a judicial management application if the application is opposed by a person entitled to appoint Receiver and Manager under a debenture secured by a floating charge, and if the prejudice caused to the person opposing is ‘______’ than prejudice caused to unsecured creditors.
In which year was judicial management introduced in Singapore, inspired by the UK administration regime, as a response to a significant financial crisis?
In which year was judicial management introduced in Singapore, inspired by the UK administration regime, as a response to a significant financial crisis?
According to the IRDA, an application for judicial management can only be initiated by the company's creditors.
According to the IRDA, an application for judicial management can only be initiated by the company's creditors.
In the case of Re Bintan Lagoon Resort Ltd, what clarification did the High Court make regarding the test for determining whether to appoint a judicial manager?
In the case of Re Bintan Lagoon Resort Ltd, what clarification did the High Court make regarding the test for determining whether to appoint a judicial manager?
Under the IRDA, the moratorium that takes effect after a judicial management order is granted extends to prohibit the right of ________ or ________ under a lease.
Under the IRDA, the moratorium that takes effect after a judicial management order is granted extends to prohibit the right of ________ or ________ under a lease.
Match the scenario with the appropriate action to be taken by the judicial manager:
Match the scenario with the appropriate action to be taken by the judicial manager:
In the context of the functions, powers, and duties of a judicial manager, which of the following actions is explicitly prohibited?
In the context of the functions, powers, and duties of a judicial manager, which of the following actions is explicitly prohibited?
The fact that a company is unable to pay its debts is, on its own, sufficient grounds for a court to grant a judicial management order.
The fact that a company is unable to pay its debts is, on its own, sufficient grounds for a court to grant a judicial management order.
Under what specific condition, as defined by Section 112 of the IRDA, is a judicial manager obligated to petition the Court for the judicial management order to be discharged?
Under what specific condition, as defined by Section 112 of the IRDA, is a judicial manager obligated to petition the Court for the judicial management order to be discharged?
According to the IRDA, what is the typical duration of a judicial management order from the date it is issued, assuming it is not discharged earlier?
According to the IRDA, what is the typical duration of a judicial management order from the date it is issued, assuming it is not discharged earlier?
Flashcards
IRDA Part 7
IRDA Part 7
Part 7 of the Insolvency, Restructuring and Dissolution Act.
Court's JM Authority
Court's JM Authority
The court can issue judicial management orders for corporations facing winding up.
JM Primary Aim
JM Primary Aim
To help companies in financial distress recover and protects its business as a going concern.
Creditors' Interests in JM
Creditors' Interests in JM
Signup and view all the flashcards
When to Use JM
When to Use JM
Signup and view all the flashcards
JM Moratorium Benefit
JM Moratorium Benefit
Signup and view all the flashcards
Directors' Role in JM
Directors' Role in JM
Signup and view all the flashcards
JM Threshold
JM Threshold
Signup and view all the flashcards
JM Test
JM Test
Signup and view all the flashcards
3 IRDA Statutory Purposes
3 IRDA Statutory Purposes
Signup and view all the flashcards
JM Opposition Rule
JM Opposition Rule
Signup and view all the flashcards
Public Interest Override for JM
Public Interest Override for JM
Signup and view all the flashcards
IRDA Section 91(10)
IRDA Section 91(10)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Local JM Cases
Local JM Cases
Signup and view all the flashcards
Who Can Apply for JM?
Who Can Apply for JM?
Signup and view all the flashcards
JM Application Method
JM Application Method
Signup and view all the flashcards
Voluntary JM Entry
Voluntary JM Entry
Signup and view all the flashcards
Judicial Manager Requirements
Judicial Manager Requirements
Signup and view all the flashcards
Effects of JM Application
Effects of JM Application
Signup and view all the flashcards
Expanded Moratorium Extent
Expanded Moratorium Extent
Signup and view all the flashcards
Contractual Right of Set-Off
Contractual Right of Set-Off
Signup and view all the flashcards
JM Period Duration
JM Period Duration
Signup and view all the flashcards
Manager's Initial Steps
Manager's Initial Steps
Signup and view all the flashcards
JM Restrictions
JM Restrictions
Signup and view all the flashcards
Deadline to Send Statement
Deadline to Send Statement
Signup and view all the flashcards
JM Discharge Duty
JM Discharge Duty
Signup and view all the flashcards
Creditor Relief
Creditor Relief
Signup and view all the flashcards
Judicial Management (JM) Origin
Judicial Management (JM) Origin
Signup and view all the flashcards
Cosmotron Case Significance
Cosmotron Case Significance
Signup and view all the flashcards
IRDA Section 90
IRDA Section 90
Signup and view all the flashcards
Ministerial Power over Moratorium
Ministerial Power over Moratorium
Signup and view all the flashcards
Bintan Lagoon Clarification
Bintan Lagoon Clarification
Signup and view all the flashcards
IRDA Section 115
IRDA Section 115
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
Relevant Legislation
- Part 7 of the Insolvency, Restructuring and Dissolution Act ("IRDA") is relevant legislation
- The court is granted jurisdiction to issue judicial management orders over any corporation that is liable to be wound up under the IRDA
Aims and Features
- Rehabilitation and preservation are key aims of judicial management
- Judicial Management was introduced in 1987, following the Pan-El financial crisis in Singapore
- Judicial Management is modeled after the UK administration regime
- The procedure allows companies facing financial difficulties the opportunity to rehabilitate or preserve their business as a going concern
- The interests of creditors are preserved, as they are potentially better served under Judicial Management than winding up
- Moratorium against proceedings and enforcement provides the company time and space to formulate restructuring proposal or turnaround its business
- The directors are replaced by independent professionals, with all director's powers vested in the judicial managers
Insolvency Threshold
- The company must be either insolvent or likely to become insolvent
Test
- The applicant must demonstrate that making the order would likely achieve one or more of the 3 purposes in s89(1)(a)-(c) of the IRDA
3 Statutory Purposes
- Survival of the company, or the whole or part of its undertaking as a going concern
- The approval of a Section 210 of the Companies Act or s71 IRDA of a compromise or arrangement
- A more advantageous realization of the company's assets than in a winding up
Opposition to Judicial Management
- The court must dismiss the JM application if opposed by a person entitled to appoint R&M under a debenture secured by a floating charge and if the prejudice caused to the opposing person is disproportionately greater than the prejudice caused to unsecured creditors as per s91(6) IRDA
- Subject to s91(10), the Court still has discretion to appoint JMs if public interest requires
Public Interest Exception
- As per Section 91(10) IRDA, it has the power to make a judicial management order even when a floating charge holder opposes if it's in the public interest
Public Interest Exception - Local Cases
- Re Cosmotron Electronics (Singapore) Pte Ltd
- Re Bintan Lagoon Resort Ltd
Re Cosmotron Electronics (Singapore) Pte Ltd
- The company petitioned for a JM order to facilitate the relocation of manufacturing assets
- Five creditors holding more than 50% of the company's total debt opposed
- The High Court found no public interest for a JM order
- The requirement under S227B(10)(a) of the Companies Act was not one that the applicant needed to satisfy
- The Court had overriding power to make a JM order due to public interest, even if not satisfied that one or more statutory purposes would be achieved
Re Bintan Lagoon Resort Ltd
- The High Court clarified that the test was not whether it was in the public interest to appoint a judicial manager, but whether the court considered that the public interest in the circumstances required the appointment
Court-Ordered Judicial Management
- According to Section 90 IRDA, those that can apply include:
- The company itself, acting via a member's resolution
- The directors of the company, acting pursuant to a director's resolution
- Any creditor of the company
Procedure
- The application is done by way of Originating Application (in open court)
- It must be supported by an affidavit setting out the grounds of the application
Voluntary Judicial Management
- A new provision allows a company to be placed into JM by a creditors' resolution at a creditors' meeting, without a Court Order
- This process involves a shareholders' resolution and appointment of an interim judicial manager, as detailed in s94 and 95 of the IRDA.
Appointment of Judicial Manager
- The appointed manager must be a licensed insolvency practitioner
- Their requirements are detailed at s50 IRDA
- The company's nominee may be opposed by creditors
Effects of JM Application
- The statutory moratorium means that:
- No resolution shall be passed for the winding up of the company
- No steps shall be taken to enforce any charge or security over the company's property
- No other proceedings and no execution or other legal process shall be commenced or continued except with leave of Court, as per Section 95 IRDA
Moratorium After JM Order
- The expanded moratorium, detailed under Section 96(4), applies until discharge of the JM Order
- The moratorium extends to prohibit the right of re-entry or forfeiture under a lease and the appointment of receivers or managers
- The R&M must vacate & winding up application dismissed
- Note: s95(3)(b) and 96(5)(b) IRDA notes that the Minister can prescribe by regulations certain carveouts to the moratorium
Contractual Right of Set-Off
- The contractual right of set-off is not affected by a moratorium under s96(5) IRDA
- The relevant cases include:
- Electro Magnetic (S) Ltd v DBS
- Altus Technology Pte Ltd (under judicial management) v OCBC
Period of JM
- A JM order, unless discharged, remains in force for 180 days from the making of the order
- May be extended by court
- Note: s111(3) IRDA allows extension of JM order by approval of creditors by majority in number and value in writing or at a meeting, without court order
Functions, Powers, and Duties of Judicial Manager
- As detailed in Section 99 IRDA and the First Schedule, immediate steps include:
- Taking possession of company records
- Securing company premises
- Reviewing company operations
- Meeting key employees
Judicial Manager Restrictions
- Judicial Manager cannot deal with property held on trust
- They cannot make any payment towards discharging any debt incurred prior to judicial management, save as allowed under s99(6) IRDA
Statement of Proposals
- As per Section 107 IRDA, these proposals are for achieving one or more of the statutory purposes
- Must be sent to creditors within 90 days from JM order
Discharge
- Section 112 IRDA notes the duty to apply to Court for the discharge of the judicial management order if it appears to him that the purpose or purposes specified in the order either have been achieved or cannot be achieved
Protection of Creditors
- Section 115 IRDA Act specifies that the Court may grant relief if the judicial manager has managed the company's affairs in a manner that is unfairly prejudicial to:
- The creditors or members generally
- Some part of the creditors or members
- A single creditor representing at least one quarter in value of debt of the company
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.