Simplifying Our Social World
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Questions and Answers

What is a common situation where people often rely on heuristics?

  • Learning a new language
  • Cooking a new recipe
  • Judging whether an object belongs to a particular category (correct)
  • Making financial decisions

When do individuals typically apply heuristics to determine category membership?

  • During complex decision-making processes
  • When conducting scientific experiments
  • When judging whether an object belongs to a specific category (correct)
  • In unfamiliar social situations

In which scenario might individuals rely on heuristics according to the text?

  • Judging whether an object belongs to a specific category (correct)
  • Solving complex mathematical equations
  • Analyzing historical texts
  • Identifying new species of plants

What is a common challenge that prompts individuals to use heuristics in decision-making?

<p>Limited time and cognitive resources (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When might individuals resort to heuristics in determining object categorization?

<p>When judging whether an object fits into a specific category (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor often leads individuals to use heuristics when categorizing objects?

<p>Complexity of the decision-making process (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what situation do people commonly apply heuristics for categorization?

<p>Judging whether an object belongs to a particular category (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may prompt individuals to use heuristics when assessing category membership?

<p>Time constraints and limited mental capacity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What influences individuals to utilize heuristics for making decisions about category membership?

<p>Limited time or cognitive capacity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When might individuals employ heuristics to determine whether an object belongs to a particular group?

<p>While judging whether an object fits into a specific category (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some facial features that contribute to attractiveness?

<p>Youthfulness, unblemished skin, symmetry (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of voice is generally considered more attractive in women?

<p>Higher-pitched voices (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key body feature that contributes to attractiveness in women?

<p>Narrow waist compared to hips (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what context are lower-pitched voices generally considered more attractive?

<p>Men (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of faces considered more feminine in women?

<p>Small chin, high eyebrows (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of facial configuration is linked to attractiveness in men?

<p>'Average' facial features (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some features that generally contribute to masculinity in men's faces?

<p>'Average' facial configuration, larger chins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which body type is generally not perceived as attractive?

<p>'Obese' physique (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of body physique is considered attractive in both men and women?

<p>'Athletic' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred about the links between aesthetic preferences and attractiveness?

<p>'Average' facial configurations can contribute to attractiveness based on cultural norms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the implication of the base-rates mentioned in the text?

<p>There are fewer university classics professors than truck drivers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of base-rates in decision making?

<p>Base-rates are used to understand the prevalence of a group or category in a population. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between base-rates and heuristics in decision making?

<p>Heuristics are used when base-rates are not known. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relevance of base-rates in the context of the text?

<p>Base-rates are used to compare the number of university classics professors and truck drivers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do base-rates influence the use of heuristics in decision making?

<p>Heuristics are used more when base-rates are not known. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the base-rate information in the text?

<p>The base-rate information is used to understand the prevalence of university classics professors and truck drivers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relevance of base-rates in understanding the prevalence of a category?

<p>Base-rates are used to understand the prevalence of category membership. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do base-rates impact the use of heuristics in decision making?

<p>Heuristics are used more when base-rates are not known. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the base-rate information in the text in terms of decision making?

<p>The base-rate information is used to understand the prevalence of university classics professors and truck drivers, which can impact decision making. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do base-rates affect the use of heuristics in decision making?

<p>Heuristics are used more when base-rates are not known. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of attitudes can drive many of our decisions and behaviors, according to the text?

<p>Unconscious processes and implicit attitudes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can past experiences, expectations, motivations, and moods impact our reasoning, according to the text?

<p>They influence reasoning alongside unconscious processes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are individuals often unaware of having that can influence their decisions and behaviors?

<p>Implicit attitudes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key factor driving decisions and behaviors but is often not consciously recognized by individuals?

<p>Implicit attitudes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way can unconscious processes and implicit attitudes impact decision-making?

<p>They can drive decision-making without conscious awareness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are individuals with physical qualities like averageness, symmetry, and youthfulness considered more attractive according to the evolutionary explanation?

<p>As they are perceived to be better-quality mates with potential health, fertility, and genetic advantages. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does averageness in facial features provide evidence of genetic fitness according to the text?

<p>It shows the ability to develop normally despite environmental stressors. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might high masculinity in male faces be an indicator of fitness according to the text?

<p>It shows an ability to withstand the stress that testosterone places on the immune system. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is high femininity in female faces related to fitness according to the evolutionary account?

<p>It may signal fitness by indicating sexual maturity and fertility. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does the text suggest that the attractiveness of youthfulness can be explained through evolutionary theory?

<p>Since youthfulness is typically associated with better genetic traits and reproductive success. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is it deemed less appropriate to use representativeness heuristics?

<p>When base-rate information conflicts with representativeness information (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes the use of representativeness heuristics less appropriate according to the text?

<p>Conflicting base-rate information (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what situation might individuals face challenges in applying representativeness heuristics?

<p>When base-rates conflict with representativeness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor can hinder the appropriate use of representativeness heuristics?

<p>Base-rate information inconsistency (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When might individuals struggle with applying representativeness heuristics effectively?

<p>When base-rates conflict with representativeness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can impede the optimal use of representativeness heuristics in decision making?

<p>Conflict between base-rate and representativeness information (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under what circumstances might individuals face difficulties utilizing representativeness heuristics?

<p>When base-rate data is inconsistent with the situation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What could pose a challenge to the effective implementation of representativeness heuristics?

<p>'Base-rate vs. representativeness' conflict (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what conditions might individuals struggle to apply representativeness heuristics correctly?

<p>'Base-rate vs. representativeness' inconsistency (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What cognitive mechanism is suggested to explain why people prefer familiar stimuli?

<p>The mechanism of categorical prototypes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a face morph in determining attractiveness?

<p>A face morph is considered more attractive than individual faces (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cultural variation that contributes to attractiveness?

<p>Preferences for category prototypes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main criticism of early explanations of attractiveness based on cultural preferences?

<p>They did not account for universal elements of attractiveness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main finding of Halberstadt (2006) regarding attractiveness across different categories?

<p>People find average category members more attractive (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between sexual and nonsexual attractiveness in terms of brain activity?

<p>Different brain regions are involved in judging sexual and nonsexual attractiveness. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a facial feature associated with femininity in women?

<p>Larger jaws (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of obesity on attractiveness, according to the text?

<p>Negative reactions to obesity are present from a young age. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the waist-to-hip ratio in determining attractiveness?

<p>A narrower waist than hips is attractive only in women. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between brain activity and overall attractiveness ratings?

<p>Both brain activity in judging sexual and nonsexual attractiveness contribute to overall attractiveness ratings. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers
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