Simplifying Our Social World
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What is a common situation where people often rely on heuristics?

  • Learning a new language
  • Cooking a new recipe
  • Judging whether an object belongs to a particular category (correct)
  • Making financial decisions

    • When do individuals typically apply heuristics to determine category membership?

  • During complex decision-making processes
  • When conducting scientific experiments
  • When judging whether an object belongs to a specific category (correct)
  • In unfamiliar social situations

    • In which scenario might individuals rely on heuristics according to the text?

  • Judging whether an object belongs to a specific category (correct)
  • Solving complex mathematical equations
  • Analyzing historical texts
  • Identifying new species of plants

    • What is a common challenge that prompts individuals to use heuristics in decision-making?

    <p>Limited time and cognitive resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When might individuals resort to heuristics in determining object categorization?

    <p>When judging whether an object fits into a specific category</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor often leads individuals to use heuristics when categorizing objects?

    <p>Complexity of the decision-making process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what situation do people commonly apply heuristics for categorization?

    <p>Judging whether an object belongs to a particular category</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may prompt individuals to use heuristics when assessing category membership?

    <p>Time constraints and limited mental capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influences individuals to utilize heuristics for making decisions about category membership?

    <p>Limited time or cognitive capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When might individuals employ heuristics to determine whether an object belongs to a particular group?

    <p>While judging whether an object fits into a specific category</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some facial features that contribute to attractiveness?

    <p>Youthfulness, unblemished skin, symmetry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of voice is generally considered more attractive in women?

    <p>Higher-pitched voices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key body feature that contributes to attractiveness in women?

    <p>Narrow waist compared to hips</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what context are lower-pitched voices generally considered more attractive?

    <p>Men</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of faces considered more feminine in women?

    <p>Small chin, high eyebrows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of facial configuration is linked to attractiveness in men?

    <p>'Average' facial features</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some features that generally contribute to masculinity in men's faces?

    <p>'Average' facial configuration, larger chins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which body type is generally not perceived as attractive?

    <p>'Obese' physique</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of body physique is considered attractive in both men and women?

    <p>'Athletic'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be inferred about the links between aesthetic preferences and attractiveness?

    <p>'Average' facial configurations can contribute to attractiveness based on cultural norms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the implication of the base-rates mentioned in the text?

    <p>There are fewer university classics professors than truck drivers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of base-rates in decision making?

    <p>Base-rates are used to understand the prevalence of a group or category in a population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between base-rates and heuristics in decision making?

    <p>Heuristics are used when base-rates are not known.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relevance of base-rates in the context of the text?

    <p>Base-rates are used to compare the number of university classics professors and truck drivers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do base-rates influence the use of heuristics in decision making?

    <p>Heuristics are used more when base-rates are not known.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the base-rate information in the text?

    <p>The base-rate information is used to understand the prevalence of university classics professors and truck drivers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relevance of base-rates in understanding the prevalence of a category?

    <p>Base-rates are used to understand the prevalence of category membership.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do base-rates impact the use of heuristics in decision making?

    <p>Heuristics are used more when base-rates are not known.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the base-rate information in the text in terms of decision making?

    <p>The base-rate information is used to understand the prevalence of university classics professors and truck drivers, which can impact decision making.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do base-rates affect the use of heuristics in decision making?

    <p>Heuristics are used more when base-rates are not known.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of attitudes can drive many of our decisions and behaviors, according to the text?

    <p>Unconscious processes and implicit attitudes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can past experiences, expectations, motivations, and moods impact our reasoning, according to the text?

    <p>They influence reasoning alongside unconscious processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are individuals often unaware of having that can influence their decisions and behaviors?

    <p>Implicit attitudes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key factor driving decisions and behaviors but is often not consciously recognized by individuals?

    <p>Implicit attitudes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way can unconscious processes and implicit attitudes impact decision-making?

    <p>They can drive decision-making without conscious awareness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are individuals with physical qualities like averageness, symmetry, and youthfulness considered more attractive according to the evolutionary explanation?

    <p>As they are perceived to be better-quality mates with potential health, fertility, and genetic advantages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does averageness in facial features provide evidence of genetic fitness according to the text?

    <p>It shows the ability to develop normally despite environmental stressors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might high masculinity in male faces be an indicator of fitness according to the text?

    <p>It shows an ability to withstand the stress that testosterone places on the immune system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is high femininity in female faces related to fitness according to the evolutionary account?

    <p>It may signal fitness by indicating sexual maturity and fertility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the text suggest that the attractiveness of youthfulness can be explained through evolutionary theory?

    <p>Since youthfulness is typically associated with better genetic traits and reproductive success.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is it deemed less appropriate to use representativeness heuristics?

    <p>When base-rate information conflicts with representativeness information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes the use of representativeness heuristics less appropriate according to the text?

    <p>Conflicting base-rate information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what situation might individuals face challenges in applying representativeness heuristics?

    <p>When base-rates conflict with representativeness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor can hinder the appropriate use of representativeness heuristics?

    <p>Base-rate information inconsistency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When might individuals struggle with applying representativeness heuristics effectively?

    <p>When base-rates conflict with representativeness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can impede the optimal use of representativeness heuristics in decision making?

    <p>Conflict between base-rate and representativeness information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what circumstances might individuals face difficulties utilizing representativeness heuristics?

    <p>When base-rate data is inconsistent with the situation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could pose a challenge to the effective implementation of representativeness heuristics?

    <p>'Base-rate vs. representativeness' conflict</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what conditions might individuals struggle to apply representativeness heuristics correctly?

    <p>'Base-rate vs. representativeness' inconsistency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cognitive mechanism is suggested to explain why people prefer familiar stimuli?

    <p>The mechanism of categorical prototypes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of a face morph in determining attractiveness?

    <p>A face morph is considered more attractive than individual faces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a cultural variation that contributes to attractiveness?

    <p>Preferences for category prototypes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main criticism of early explanations of attractiveness based on cultural preferences?

    <p>They did not account for universal elements of attractiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main finding of Halberstadt (2006) regarding attractiveness across different categories?

    <p>People find average category members more attractive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between sexual and nonsexual attractiveness in terms of brain activity?

    <p>Different brain regions are involved in judging sexual and nonsexual attractiveness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a facial feature associated with femininity in women?

    <p>Larger jaws</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of obesity on attractiveness, according to the text?

    <p>Negative reactions to obesity are present from a young age.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the waist-to-hip ratio in determining attractiveness?

    <p>A narrower waist than hips is attractive only in women.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between brain activity and overall attractiveness ratings?

    <p>Both brain activity in judging sexual and nonsexual attractiveness contribute to overall attractiveness ratings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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