Silicate Minerals Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the state of matter for the outer core?

It is solid

It is both solid and liquid

It is gaseous

It is liquid (correct)

Which of the following best describes the state of matter AND behavior of the mantle

It is liquid

It is both solid and liquid (correct)

It is gaseous

It is solid

How is the state of matter of magma affected when it reaches the surface of the Earth?

It turns into a gas

It turns into a liquid (correct)

It turns into a solid

It disappears

What is the first step in the process of forming igneous rocks?

Cooling and crystallization of magma Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when sediment turns into a sedimentary rock?

Lithification Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe 'turns into a rock'?

Lithification Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when high pressure and temperature changes a rock into another rock?

Metamorphism Signup and view all the answers

How does the rate of cooling affect crystal size in igneous rocks?

Slower cooling leads to larger crystals Signup and view all the answers

What is the rock cycle?

The process of rocks being recycled and transformed into different types of rocks Signup and view all the answers

Is the overall mass of the earth changing?

No, it is staying the same Signup and view all the answers

Which type of rock was the first rock formed when earth cooled?

Igneous rock Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which rocks are broken down into smaller pieces called?

Weathering Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the rock formed by the compaction and cementation of sediment?

Sedimentary rock Signup and view all the answers

How deep are the sediments in the Great Valley of California?

10,000 feet Signup and view all the answers

Which type of rocks have larger crystals, plutonic or volcanic?

Plutonic Signup and view all the answers

What happens if you don't give crystals enough time to grow?

They will form but remain small Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe rocks that form inside the earth?

Plutonic Signup and view all the answers

What is a batholith?

A large-scale igneous structure Signup and view all the answers

What are the two agents responsible for the transformation of sedimentary rock into metamorphic rock?

Heat and pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is metamorphosis in relation to rocks?

The transformation of one rock type to another Signup and view all the answers

What happens when rocks are heated and compressed to the point of melting?

They return to magma Signup and view all the answers

What determines the type of silicate mineral that will form in an igneous rock?

The type of magma present Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a dark-colored igneous rock and a light-colored igneous rock?

The color of the mineral Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the cooling rate of magma and the size of the crystal in an igneous rock?

The slower the cooling rate, the larger the crystal size Signup and view all the answers

What are the two criteria used to classify or identify igneous rocks?

The size of the crystal and the color of the mineral Signup and view all the answers

What do we call rocks that form at or near the surface?

Volcanic Signup and view all the answers

What are the two criteria used to classify igneous rocks?

Composition and texture Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic building block of all silicate minerals?

Silicon-oxygen tetrahedron Signup and view all the answers

What happens when igneous rocks cool at a very fast rate?

They form microscopic crystals Signup and view all the answers

Which type of rock has high levels of iron and magnesium?

Gabbro Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between granite and rhyolite?

Granite has large crystals while rhyolite has small crystals Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the rock that is intermediate in composition and has large crystals?

Diorite Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of rock found in the Sierra mountain range?

Diorite Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical composition of volcanic glass?

It is primarily composed of silicates Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the circular shaped glass-like appearance when volcanic glass fractures?

Concoidal fracture Signup and view all the answers

What is the sedimentary rock that is similar to volcanic glass in terms of composition, but formed in a different process called?

Chert Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between granitic and basaltic igneous rocks in terms of composition?

Granitic rocks are composed of lighter colored minerals, while basaltic rocks are composed of darker colored minerals Signup and view all the answers

What is the intrusive rock called that is found in the column labeled 'ultra mafic' in the text?

Peridotite Signup and view all the answers

What mineral forms the green sand found on certain beaches in the world?

Olivine Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the composition of granite and rhyolite?

Granite is felsic and intrusive, while rhyolite is felsic and extrusive Signup and view all the answers

What are the little black crystals in granite?

Amphibole Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between gabro and basalt?

Gabro is mafic and intrusive, while basalt is felsic and extrusive Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'felsic' refer to?

Rocks that are high in light colored silicates. Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the rock that is "more like" obsidian than granite and has a bunch of air bubbles trapped in it?

Pumice Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate silica percentage in mafic and ultramafic rocks?

40% Signup and view all the answers

What is volcanic tuff?

A rock formed from the solidification of ash flows Signup and view all the answers

What is pegmatite?

A type of igneous rock with large mineral crystals Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between granitic and basaltic rocks?

Granitic rocks are light-colored and have a lower density than basaltic rocks Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between diorite and granodiorite?

Granodiorite has more dark-colored crystals than light-colored crystals, while diorite has an equal amount of both Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the extrusive intermediate rock?

Rhyolite Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which vesicles form in vesicular basalt?

The rock cools slowly, forming large crystals and air bubbles Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

State of Matter

The outer core is in a liquid state of matter.

Mantle

The mantle is in a solid but viscous state of matter, allowing it to flow slowly over time.

Magma and Igneous Rocks

When magma reaches the surface of the Earth, it cools and solidifies to form igneous rocks.
The first step in forming igneous rocks is the cooling and solidification of magma.
The rate of cooling affects crystal size in igneous rocks.

Sedimentary Rocks

Sediment turns into a sedimentary rock through the process of lithification.
Lithification is the term used to describe the process of sediment turning into a rock.
The process of forming sedimentary rocks involves compaction and cementation of sediment.

Rock Cycle

The rock cycle is the continuous process of forming and transforming rocks from one type to another.
The overall mass of the Earth is not changing, but the types of rocks are constantly changing through the rock cycle.

Igneous Rocks

Igneous rocks formed inside the Earth are called intrusive or plutonic rocks.
Rocks formed on the surface are called extrusive or volcanic rocks.
The rate of cooling affects crystal size in igneous rocks.

Metamorphic Rocks

High pressure and temperature changes a rock into another rock through the process of metamorphism.
The two agents responsible for the transformation of sedimentary rock into metamorphic rock are high pressure and temperature.

Mineral Formation

The basic building block of all silicate minerals is the silica tetrahedron.

Igneous Rock Types

Rocks with larger crystals are plutonic or intrusive rocks.
Rocks with smaller crystals are volcanic or extrusive rocks.
Dark-colored igneous rocks have high levels of iron and magnesium, while light-colored igneous rocks have high levels of silica and aluminum.
The two criteria used to classify igneous rocks are texture and composition.

Other Rock Types

The rock formed by the compaction and cementation of sediment is called shale.
The sedimentary rock similar to volcanic glass in terms of composition is called obsidianite.

Specific Rocks

Granite is a type of igneous rock with high levels of silica and aluminum, and large crystals.
Rhyolite is a type of igneous rock with high levels of silica and aluminum, and small crystals.
Basalt is a type of igneous rock with high levels of iron and magnesium, and small crystals.
Diorite is a type of igneous rock with a composition between granite and basalt.
Gabbro is a type of igneous rock with high levels of iron and magnesium, and large crystals.

Minerals and Glass

Olivine is the mineral that forms the green sand found on certain beaches in the world.
Obsidian is a type of volcanic glass with a conchoidal fracture pattern.
Volcanic glass has a chemical composition similar to obsidianite.
Pumice is a type of igneous rock with trapped air bubbles.

Miscellaneous

Vesicular basalt forms when magma cools quickly, trapping air bubbles.
Pegmatite is a type of igneous rock with extremely large crystals.
Felsic rocks have high levels of silica and aluminum.

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Description

"Test your knowledge of silicate minerals with this quiz! Brush up on your understanding of magma and the elements that contribute to the growth of these minerals. Challenge yourself and see how much you remember from Chapter 1 or