PH 15 Drugs Affecting the Hematologic System
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Questions and Answers

Which enzyme acts on fibrinogen to convert it to fibrin?

  • Thrombin (correct)
  • Fibrinolytic enzyme
  • Prothrombin
  • Thromboplastin

    • What is the function of vitamin K in blood clotting?

  • It acts as a fibrinolytic enzyme
  • It converts fibrinogen to fibrin
  • It produces prothrombin and other clotting factors (correct)
  • It helps in the formation of thromboplastin

    • What is the function of anticoagulants?

  • They reduce existing blood clots (correct)
  • They inhibit platelet functions
  • They stimulate the production of red blood cells
  • They increase the protein antithrombin III

    • What is the purpose of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs)?

    <p>They stimulate the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of anticoagulant drugs reduces or prevents the formation of vitamin K in the intestinal tract?

    <p>Vitamin K antagonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is commonly used as an antiplatelet agent?

    <p>Aspirin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main action of platelet inhibitors?

    <p>Prevent platelets from sticking and clumping together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main use of platelet inhibitors?

    <p>Prevent platelets from sticking and clumping together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is used to prevent platelets from sticking to a stent mesh in patients who have had a stent placed into a coronary artery?

    <p>Clopidogrel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected side effect of most drugs that affect the blood clotting system?

    <p>Bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common adverse effect of drugs that affect the blood clotting system?

    <p>Excessive bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can increase the risk for bleeding when taken with anticoagulants?

    <p>Alcoholic beverages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key learning outcome related to drugs affecting the hematologic system?

    <p>Describing the clotting mechanism in the human body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of an anticoagulant?

    <p>A drug that reduces or prevents new clots from forming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of drug prevents existing clots from getting larger?

    <p>Anticoagulant drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a clot lying in a deep vein, usually in the legs?

    <p>Thrombus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about anticoagulants?

    <p>They prevent new clots from forming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of drug prevents platelets from sticking together to form a platelet plug?

    <p>Platelet inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the adult dosage range for clopidogrel (Plavix)?

    <p>75 mg once daily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the action of direct thrombin inhibitors?

    <p>They prevent the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme do direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs) interfere with to prevent the formation of blood clots?

    <p>Factor II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs) over warfarin?

    <p>They do not require frequent laboratory blood testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the common side effects of direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs)?

    <p>Easy bruising and gastric upset</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the early signs of overdose or internal bleeding from direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs)?

    <p>Bleeding from the gums while brushing teeth and unexplained bruising</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs increases the activity and bleeding risks with DTIs?

    <p>Atorvastatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs decreases the effectiveness of DTIs?

    <p>Rifampin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a sign or symptom of serious bleeding?

    <p>Unusual bruising</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should patients do if they miss a dose of DTIs?

    <p>Take the missed dose immediately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may happen if patients accidentally overdose on DTIs?

    <p>Excessive bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should patients do before discontinuing DTIs?

    <p>Consult their healthcare provider</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential side effect of platelet inhibitors?

    <p>Easy bruising</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main use of clopidogrel (Plavix)?

    <p>To prevent platelets from sticking to a stent mesh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common adverse effect of drugs that affect the blood clotting system?

    <p>Excessive bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can increase the risk for bleeding when taken with anticoagulants?

    <p>Alcoholic beverages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the function of thrombin in blood clotting?

    <p>To convert fibrinogen to fibrin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of vitamin K in blood clotting?

    <p>To produce clotting factors in the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the main use of platelet inhibitors?

    <p>To interfere with blood clotting within arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of fibrinolytic drugs?

    <p>To dissolve fibrin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about anticoagulants?

    <p>Anticoagulants prevent new clots from forming.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main use of platelet inhibitors?

    <p>To prevent platelets from sticking together to form a platelet plug.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme do direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs) interfere with to prevent the formation of blood clots?

    <p>Thrombin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a clot lying in a deep vein, usually in the legs?

    <p>Deep vein thrombosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of drug binds to prothrombin and prevents its conversion to thrombin, thus reducing the availability of fibrin to form a clot?

    <p>Direct thrombin inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the adult dosage range for clopidogrel (Plavix)?

    <p>75 mg once daily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme do indirect thrombin inhibitors (ITIs) interfere with to prevent the formation of blood clots?

    <p>Antithrombin III</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should patients do before discontinuing platelet inhibitors?

    <p>Avoid aspirin or NSAIDs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common side effect of direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs)?

    <p>Bleeding gums</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main use of direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs)?

    <p>To prevent new blood clots from forming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the early signs of overdose or internal bleeding from direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs)?

    <p>Excessive bleeding or oozing from cuts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can increase the risk for excessive bleeding when taken with direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs)?

    <p>Antacids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most commonly used antiplatelet drug?

    <p>Clopidogrel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of platelet inhibitors?

    <p>To prevent platelets from sticking and clumping together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the adult dosage range for warfarin (Coumadin)?

    <p>2-10 mg orally daily for 2-4 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common adverse effect of drugs that affect the blood clotting system?

    <p>Excessive bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs increases the activity and bleeding risks with DTIs?

    <p>Atorvastatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs decreases the effectiveness of DTIs?

    <p>Rifampin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should patients do if they miss a dose of DTIs?

    <p>Take the missed dose as soon as possible on the same day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reversal agent for DTIs?

    <p>Idarucizumab</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the signs or symptoms of serious bleeding that patients should be assessed for?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should patients do before discontinuing DTIs?

    <p>Talk to the healthcare provider</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential side effect of clopidogrel (Plavix)?

    <p>Easy bruising</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main use of clopidogrel (Plavix)?

    <p>Preventing an MI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main action of platelet inhibitors?

    <p>Preventing platelets from sticking to the stent mesh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected side effect of most drugs that affect the blood clotting system?

    <p>Easy bruising</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a protein formed during the clotting process that assists with the formation of a clot?

    <p>Fibrin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of vitamin K antagonist drugs?

    <p>To interfere with blood clotting by reducing the amount of vitamin K available</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of anticoagulant drugs?

    <p>To delay blood clotting by directly inhibiting the enzyme thrombin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a blockage in an artery by a blood clot or air bubble?

    <p>Embolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs is classified as a platelet inhibitor?

    <p>Clopidogrel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs can reduce or prevent new clots from forming and can help to prevent existing clots from getting larger?

    <p>Rivaroxaban</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs binds to prothrombin and prevents its conversion to thrombin?

    <p>Apixaban</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs indirectly prevents the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin by increasing the amount of active antithrombin III?

    <p>Enoxaparin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the main function of anticoagulant drugs?

    <p>To reduce or prevent the formation of new blood clots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between anticoagulant drugs and fibrinolytic drugs?

    <p>Anticoagulant drugs prevent the formation of blood clots, while fibrinolytic drugs dissolve existing blood clots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential side effect of platelet inhibitors?

    <p>Increased risk of bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a clot lying in a deep vein, usually in the legs?

    <p>Deep vein thrombosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common platelet inhibitor used to prevent clotting events in patients with reduced blood circulation to the heart before a myocardial infarction (heart attack)?

    <p>Clopidogrel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most commonly used antiplatelet drug?

    <p>Clopidogrel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a clot lying in a deep vein, usually in the legs?

    <p>Thrombosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of vitamin K in blood clotting?

    <p>Vitamin K promotes the production of clotting factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs can increase the activity and bleeding risks when taken with direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs)?

    <p>Atorvastatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should patients do if there will be less than 6 hours between scheduled doses of DTIs?

    <p>Skip the missed dose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can be a sign or symptom of serious bleeding in patients taking DTIs?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug can decrease the effectiveness of direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs)?

    <p>Phenobarbital</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reversal agent for DTIs that can be prescribed by healthcare providers?

    <p>Idarucizumab</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should patients do before discontinuing DTIs?

    <p>Talk to the healthcare provider</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential side effect of direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs)?

    <p>Gastrointestinal upset</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs) over warfarin?

    <p>They have fewer drug interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the "must know" symptoms that suggest a patient on DTIs needs prompt attention?

    <p>Unexplained bruising and nosebleeds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs can interact with direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs) and increase the risk of excessive bleeding?

    <p>Atorvastatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common side effect of platelet inhibitors?

    <p>Easy bruising</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs is used to prevent blood clots in the legs?

    <p>Clopidogrel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an adverse reaction of platelet inhibitors?

    <p>Excessive bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs is used to prevent clots from developing and plugging up a stent?

    <p>Clopidogrel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the enzyme responsible for converting fibrinogen to fibrin?

    <p>Thrombin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a protein found in the blood's plasma that is converted to fibrin when a blood clot is formed?

    <p>Fibrinogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs directly inhibits the enzyme thrombin to delay blood clotting?

    <p>Indirect thrombin inhibitor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a synthetic form of the hormone erythropoietin that stimulates the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells?

    <p>Erythropoiesis-stimulating agent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs interferes with one or more steps in the blood clotting process and either reduces or prevents new clots from forming, or prevents existing clots from getting larger?

    <p>Anticoagulants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to a semi-solid amount of coagulated (thickened) blood, and may also be referred to as a thrombus?

    <p>Clot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of drug prevents platelets from sticking together to form a platelet plug?

    <p>Platelet inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs directly inhibits the action of thrombin, an enzyme involved in the blood clotting process?

    <p>Direct thrombin inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs is classified as a platelet inhibitor?

    <p>Clopidogrel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs prevents the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin by increasing the amount of active antithrombin III?

    <p>Heparin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs binds to prothrombin and prevents its conversion to thrombin?

    <p>Dabigatran</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs cannot dissolve formed clots?

    <p>Apixaban</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common platelet inhibitor used to prevent clotting events in patients with reduced blood circulation to the heart before a myocardial infarction (heart attack)?

    <p>Prasugrel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs is used to keep venous and arterial grafts open and to prevent strokes?

    <p>Aspirin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential side effect of platelet inhibitors?

    <p>Excessive bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs reduces the risk for major blood vessel blockage that can lead to acute myocardial infarction (MI), ischemic stroke, angina, and peripheral arterial disease?

    <p>Aspirin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential side effect of direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs)?

    <p>Excessive bleeding and thrombocytopenia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main use of direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs)?

    <p>Preventing new blood clots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs can interact with direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs) and increase the risk for excessive bleeding?

    <p>Carbamazepine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the early signs of overdose or internal bleeding from direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs)?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs can increase the activity and bleeding risks when taken with direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs)?

    <p>Warfarin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of anticoagulants?

    <p>To prevent the formation of blood clots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs) over warfarin?

    <p>DTIs have fewer drug interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the common side effects of direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs)?

    <p>Unusual bleeding and bruising</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main use of direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs)?

    <p>To prevent blood clots in patients with atrial fibrillation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may happen if patients accidentally overdose on DTIs?

    <p>Excessive bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

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