39 Questions
What is the most common cause of camphor-related poisonings?
Mistaking it for castor oil
How quickly can signs and symptoms of camphor poisoning appear after ingestion?
5 to 15 minutes
What is the predominant effect of camphor on the brain?
Stimulation at all levels
Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of camphor poisoning?
Elevated body temperature
What is the predominant effect on the skin in camphor poisoning?
Cold, clammy skin
What is the approximate lethal dose of camphorated oil for adults?
One teaspoonful
How does camphor enter the central nervous system (CNS)?
Quickly due to its high lipid solubility
Which organ may experience transient damage due to camphor poisoning?
Liver
What is the primary mechanism for inducing toxic symptoms in camphor poisoning?
Elusive and not well understood
What is the purpose of monitoring pulse oximetry and/or arterial blood gases in patients with moth repellent exposure?
To manage respiratory and central nervous system depression
Why is emesis not recommended in most cases of mothball ingestion?
Because it may cause rapid absorption of the chemicals
What is a characteristic of paradichlorobenzene mothballs compared to naphthalene mothballs?
They are less toxic when ingested
How does naphthalene absorption through the skin increase?
When applied with fatty oils
In individuals with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency, which metabolites of naphthalene are especially toxic?
Alpha and beta naphthol
What clinical sign is specifically associated with inhalation of paradichlorobenzene?
Central nervous system depression
What is the recommended treatment for hemolysis caused by naphthalene exposure?
Alkaline Diuresis to prevent renal deposition of red blood cell breakdown products
What should be administered after inducing emesis in asymptomatic patients who have ingested mothballs?
Activated charcoal within 1 hour of ingestion
What test can be performed to distinguish between naphthalene and paradichlorobenzene mothballs?
The salt water test
How does paradichlorobenzene absorption increase when ingested?
By co-administration with fatty meals
What is the most common cause of death in barbiturate poisoning?
Respiratory depression
Which drug is generally preferred over barbiturates to control convulsions in camphor poisoning?
Diazepam
What is the suggested treatment when the quantity of camphor ingested is unknown?
Assume the quantity was greater than 1g and vigorously treat the patient
What is the major toxic event that follows barbiturate ingestion?
Respiratory depression
What is the effect of barbiturates on the GABA-Cl- ionophore complex in the CNS?
Prolongs the opening of the chloride channel
What is a potentially serious problem that follows toxic ingestions of barbiturates?
Hypothermia
What is the characteristic effect of shorter-acting barbiturates compared to phenobarbital?
Reach higher CNS concentrations and cause greater depression
What is a common contributing factor to barbiturate poisoning?
"Drug automatism"
What is a potential effect of chronic barbiturate (ab)use?
"Development of tolerance"
What is the suggested immediate treatment for camphor poisoning?
Immediate emesis or gastric lavage followed by activated charcoal
Which of the following is a common sign of acute benzodiazepine toxicity?
Hypertonia and muscle rigidity
What is the primary mechanism of action of benzodiazepines in the nervous system?
Inhibition of GABA receptors
What is the main toxic effect of chloral hydrate and its metabolites in the CNS?
Depression of the central nervous system
What is the recommended management for acute overdose of chloral hydrate?
Gastric lavage within 12 hours postingestion
Which drug is considered a specific antidote for benzodiazepine overdose?
Flumazenil
What is a common indication of barbiturate toxicity in moderate cases?
Coma stage 1 or 2
What is the effect of benzodiazepine overdose on motor performance?
Prominent ataxia and motor incoordination
Which intervention is recommended for hypotension in acute barbiturate overdose?
Isotonic intravenous fluids and vasopressors
What is the most reliable indicator of clinical toxicity in barbiturate poisoning?
Signs and symptoms
Which treatment has been shown to greatly increase phenobarbitone elimination?
Multiple dose activated charcoal
Test your knowledge of the signs and symptoms of acute toxicity, with a focus on barbiturate poisoning and its direct effects on the central nervous system (CNS) and cardiovascular functions. Explore the dose-dependent reactions and clinical indicators of toxicity.
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