Signs and Symptoms of Acute Toxicity

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What is the most common cause of camphor-related poisonings?

Ingesting camphorated oil with acne products

Using it as a rubefacient

Mistaking it for castor oil (correct)

Using camphor as a repellent

How quickly can signs and symptoms of camphor poisoning appear after ingestion?

5 to 15 minutes (correct)

30 to 45 minutes

1 to 2 hours

3 to 4 hours

What is the predominant effect of camphor on the brain?

Stimulation at all levels (correct)

Depression of brain activity

Selective stimulation of specific brain areas

No effect on brain activity

Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of camphor poisoning?

Elevated body temperature Signup and view all the answers

What is the predominant effect on the skin in camphor poisoning?

Cold, clammy skin Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate lethal dose of camphorated oil for adults?

One teaspoonful Signup and view all the answers

How does camphor enter the central nervous system (CNS)?

Quickly due to its high lipid solubility Signup and view all the answers

Which organ may experience transient damage due to camphor poisoning?

Liver Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism for inducing toxic symptoms in camphor poisoning?

Elusive and not well understood Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of monitoring pulse oximetry and/or arterial blood gases in patients with moth repellent exposure?

To manage respiratory and central nervous system depression Signup and view all the answers

Why is emesis not recommended in most cases of mothball ingestion?

Because it may cause rapid absorption of the chemicals Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of paradichlorobenzene mothballs compared to naphthalene mothballs?

They are less toxic when ingested Signup and view all the answers

How does naphthalene absorption through the skin increase?

When applied with fatty oils Signup and view all the answers

In individuals with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency, which metabolites of naphthalene are especially toxic?

Alpha and beta naphthol Signup and view all the answers

What clinical sign is specifically associated with inhalation of paradichlorobenzene?

Central nervous system depression Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for hemolysis caused by naphthalene exposure?

Alkaline Diuresis to prevent renal deposition of red blood cell breakdown products Signup and view all the answers

What should be administered after inducing emesis in asymptomatic patients who have ingested mothballs?

Activated charcoal within 1 hour of ingestion Signup and view all the answers

What test can be performed to distinguish between naphthalene and paradichlorobenzene mothballs?

The salt water test Signup and view all the answers

How does paradichlorobenzene absorption increase when ingested?

By co-administration with fatty meals Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of death in barbiturate poisoning?

Respiratory depression Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is generally preferred over barbiturates to control convulsions in camphor poisoning?

Diazepam Signup and view all the answers

What is the suggested treatment when the quantity of camphor ingested is unknown?

Assume the quantity was greater than 1g and vigorously treat the patient Signup and view all the answers

What is the major toxic event that follows barbiturate ingestion?

Respiratory depression Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of barbiturates on the GABA-Cl- ionophore complex in the CNS?

Prolongs the opening of the chloride channel Signup and view all the answers

What is a potentially serious problem that follows toxic ingestions of barbiturates?

Hypothermia Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic effect of shorter-acting barbiturates compared to phenobarbital?

Reach higher CNS concentrations and cause greater depression Signup and view all the answers

What is a common contributing factor to barbiturate poisoning?

"Drug automatism" Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential effect of chronic barbiturate (ab)use?

"Development of tolerance" Signup and view all the answers

What is the suggested immediate treatment for camphor poisoning?

Immediate emesis or gastric lavage followed by activated charcoal Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common sign of acute benzodiazepine toxicity?

Hypertonia and muscle rigidity Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of benzodiazepines in the nervous system?

Inhibition of GABA receptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the main toxic effect of chloral hydrate and its metabolites in the CNS?

Depression of the central nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended management for acute overdose of chloral hydrate?

Gastric lavage within 12 hours postingestion Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is considered a specific antidote for benzodiazepine overdose?

Flumazenil Signup and view all the answers

What is a common indication of barbiturate toxicity in moderate cases?

Coma stage 1 or 2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of benzodiazepine overdose on motor performance?

Prominent ataxia and motor incoordination Signup and view all the answers

Which intervention is recommended for hypotension in acute barbiturate overdose?

Isotonic intravenous fluids and vasopressors Signup and view all the answers

What is the most reliable indicator of clinical toxicity in barbiturate poisoning?

Signs and symptoms Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment has been shown to greatly increase phenobarbitone elimination?

Multiple dose activated charcoal Signup and view all the answers