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Questions and Answers
Which symptom is commonly associated with kidney disease?
What is a common dietary management strategy for patients with kidney disease?
After a renal transplantation, what is a necessary treatment for patients?
What is the main challenge for patients on dialysis?
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Which of the following is NOT a symptom of kidney disease?
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What oral health issue can be caused by Cyclosporine in patients receiving treatment for kidney disease?
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Which of the following conditions should be considered when treating a patient with kidney disease?
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Which infection is particularly relevant for dental professionals to consider in patients with kidney disease?
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When treating a patient with kidney disease, what dental issue may arise due to impaired drug excretion?
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Which symptom is commonly observed in kidney disease patients that might affect dental treatment?
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Study Notes
Signs and Symptoms of Kidney Disease
- Weight loss and poor appetite
- Swollen ankles, feet or hands due to water retention
- Shortness of breath
- Increased need to urinate, especially at night
- Insomnia
- Itchy skin
- Blood in urine (haematuria)
General Management
- Low protein diet
- Potassium restriction
- Salt and water control
- Dialysis
- Transplantation
Dialysis
- Can give normal life to up to 20% of patients
- Does not prevent all complications
- Over 70% of patients on hemodialysis survive at least 5 years
Renal Transplantation
- Common, with 90% graft survival at one year
- Patients are immunosuppressed after transplant
Medications
- Corticosteroids
- Azathioprine
- Cyclosporine
Post Transplantation
- Patients may still have problems associated with renal failure
- Susceptible to infection due to immunosuppression
Dental Relevance
- Herpes simplex, Candida infections, zoster
- Cytomegalovirus and Epstein Barr virus infections
- Lymphomas and skin, lip, cervical cancers
- Kaposi’s Sarcoma
- Gingival overgrowth caused by cyclosporine
- Bleeding tendencies
- Impaired drug excretion
- Infections with hepatitis B and other viruses
- Hypertension
- Bone lesions of the jaw
- Corticosteroid or other immunosuppressive treatments
- Dry mouth
- Halitosis
- Metallic taste
- Salivary gland swelling
- Growth may be stunted
- Tooth eruption may be delayed
- Enamel hypoplasia
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