Chronic Kidney Disease Management
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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of chronic kidney disease (CKD)?

  • Kidney damage resulting in immediate kidney failure
  • Kidney damage or GFR below 45 ml/min/1.73m2 for 3 months
  • Kidney damage or GFR below 60 ml/min/1.73m2 for 3 months (correct)
  • Kidney damage or GFR above 60 ml/min/1.73m2 for 3 months

    • CKD is a long-term health condition that can often be prevented.

    True

    What role do compensatory and adaptive mechanisms play in CKD?

    They maintain acceptable health until significant kidney function is lost.

    Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is primarily characterized by _____ or low GFR.

    <p>kidney damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms to their descriptions related to CKD:

    <p>GFR = Glomerular filtration rate Kidney damage = Indicator of CKD Asymptomatic = Without noticeable symptoms until late stages Renal replacement therapy = Methods to replace kidney function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a typical characteristic of CKD?

    <p>It is always symptomatic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Patients with CKD have a GFR that can fall below 15 ml/min due to compensatory mechanisms.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one risk factor that can lead to the development of CKD.

    <p>High blood pressure or diabetes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The typical GFR threshold for determining CKD is _____ ml/min/1.73m2.

    <p>60</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one strategy to slow the progression of CKD?

    <p>Regular monitoring of kidney function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended daily protein intake for individuals with chronic kidney disease?

    <p>0.6-0.8 g/kg/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In management of chronic kidney disease, high-protein diets are encouraged.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What correlates with the rate of progression in chronic kidney disease?

    <p>Degree of proteinuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Management of dyslipidaemia in CKD includes the use of __________ if aged ≥50 years with eGFR > 60 mL/min/1.73m2.

    <p>Statins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the drugs with their primary uses in the management of CKD.

    <p>ACEI/ARBs = Reduce blood pressure and renal protection SGLT2 inhibitors = Glucose control Statins = Management of dyslipidaemia Diuretics = Reduce ECF volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does optimal blood glucose control have on both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus regarding chronic kidney disease?

    <p>Significantly reduces macro &amp; micro albuminuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Thiazides can only be used in CKD stages 4 and 5.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended sodium intake for individuals with chronic kidney disease?

    <p>2-4 g/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Absence of significant proteinuria indicates a __________ prognosis in chronic kidney disease.

    <p>favorable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT associated with dyslipidaemia in chronic kidney disease?

    <p>Increased HDL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a first-line agent for managing hypertension in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD)?

    <p>ACE inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Calcium channel blockers are the only preferred agents for hypertensive patients with CKD.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average annual cost associated with kidney disease as of 2001?

    <p>$647 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ACE inhibitors can be nephrotoxic if kidney function deteriorates by more than _____ of baseline within 2 months of initiation.

    <p>25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the drugs to their characteristics in CKD management:

    <p>ACE inhibitors = First-line antihypertensive agents Calcium channel blockers = Preferred in advanced CKD Diuretics = Used for fluid management Beta-blockers = Not preferred for CKD patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a consequence that needs to be managed in CKD?

    <p>Increased appetite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Managing hypertension can delay the progression of kidney disease.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of ACEIs in the management of diabetic nephropathy?

    <p>They lower blood pressure and protect kidney function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    _____ symptoms are linked to advanced chronic kidney disease.

    <p>Uremic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these treatments requires close monitoring for nephrotoxicity?

    <p>ACE inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Learning Objectives

    • Classify Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) stages and types.
    • Identify risk factors influencing the development and progression of CKD.
    • Recognize typical clinical presentations and complications associated with CKD.
    • Develop strategies to slow CKD progression.
    • Manage complications arising from CKD.
    • Understand various renal replacement therapies.

    Definition and Effects of CKD

    • CKD is characterized by kidney damage or a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) below 60 ml/min/1.73m² for three months or longer.
    • It is typically a long-term, preventable health condition.
    • Damage occurs to both glomeruli and tubules, often remaining asymptomatic until significant kidney function is lost (GFR ~10-15 ml/min).

    Kidney Disease Crisis in Australia

    • CKD presents a significant health challenge in Australia, contributing to a healthcare financial strain of approximately $647 million annually.

    Management Strategies

    • Assess cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk as CKD often correlates with increased risk.
    • Implement comprehensive CKD management focusing on kidney protection, progression delay, and consequence management.

    Hypertension in CKD

    • Hypertension is both a symptom and a cause of CKD progression; managing blood pressure can slow this progression.
    • First-line agents for managing hypertension in CKD include ACE inhibitors (ACEIs) and Angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARBs), especially effective for diabetic nephropathy.
    • Patients often require a combination of medications to effectively manage blood pressure.

    Proteinuria and Albuminuria

    • The level of proteinuria is a strong predictor of CKD progression; significant proteinuria indicates a worse prognosis, while its absence suggests a favorable outlook.
    • Recommended protein intake is 0.6-0.8 g/kg/day, avoiding high-protein diets.
    • Common treatments include ACEIs/ARBs, sodium reduction, and SGLT2 inhibitors.

    Dyslipidaemia in CKD

    • CKD commonly results in lipid metabolism abnormalities, including elevated LDL, triglycerides, and reduced HDL cholesterol, particularly in patients with albuminuria.
    • Statins are recommended for patients aged 50 or older at any CKD stage and for those under 50 with cardiovascular risk factors.

    Glucose Control and CKD Risk Reduction

    • Optimal glycemic control substantially decreases the risk of micro and macroalbuminuria in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
    • Management strategies include lifestyle changes, oral hypoglycemic agents, and SGLT2 inhibitors.

    Sodium and Fluid Management

    • Sodium excretion is maintained until GFR is significantly reduced; once this threshold is reached, sodium and fluid retention can cause hypertension and edema.
    • Sodium intake is generally restricted to 2-4g/day and fluid intake is about 2L/day, though this can vary by patient.
    • Diuretics are often employed to manage extracellular fluid volume and enhance the effects of antihypertensive drugs.

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    Related Documents

    Chronic Kidney Disease Lecture Notes PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the stages, types, and risk factors associated with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). Participants will learn about clinical presentations, complications, and strategies to manage and slow the progression of CKD, as well as various renal replacement therapies. Enhance your understanding of CKD's impact on health and healthcare systems.

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