Questions and Answers
The first step in a signaling pathway that responds to a molecule that stays in the extracellular space is
binding of the signal molecule to a receptor.
What type of cell response would take the longest amount of time (on the scale of minutes to hours) to execute?
one that involves a change in gene expression
Which of the following is NOT an intracellular signaling protein activated by an RTK?
G-protein
Steroid hormones trigger transcription of target genes by
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Which of the following types of cell signaling is long range and uses hormones as signals?
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The active form of a monomeric GTP-binding protein is the
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Which of the following describes negative feedback regulation?
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Enzymes that add a phosphate group to a switch protein are called
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How does the binding of a signal molecule activate an RTK for downstream signaling?
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Shown below is a diagram of how theoretical intracellular signaling pathways could integrate incoming signals to produce a coordinated cell response.
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Study Notes
Cell Signaling
- Signaling pathways that respond to molecules in the extracellular space start with the binding of the molecule to a receptor on the cell surface.
Cell Response Timing
- Cell responses that take the longest amount of time (on the scale of minutes to hours) to execute are typically transcriptional responses.
Intracellular Signaling Proteins
- One protein that is NOT activated by an RTK (Receptor Tyrosine Kinase) is G protein.
Steroid Hormone Signaling
- Steroid hormones trigger transcription of target genes by binding to intracellular receptors.
Long-Range Cell Signaling
- Long-range cell signaling that uses hormones as signals is endocrine signaling.
Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins
- The active form of a monomeric GTP-binding protein is the GTP-bound form.
Negative Feedback Regulation
- Negative feedback regulation occurs when the product of a pathway inhibits an earlier step in the same pathway.
Protein Phosphorylation
- Enzymes that add a phosphate group to a switch protein are called protein kinases.
RTK Activation
- The binding of a signal molecule to an RTK (Receptor Tyrosine Kinase) activates it for downstream signaling by causing the receptor to dimerize and autophosphorylate.
Intracellular Signaling Pathway Integration
- Intracellular signaling pathways can integrate incoming signals to produce a coordinated cell response by converging on common signaling components or by having opposing effects on a shared target.
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