Podcast
Questions and Answers
The first step in a signaling pathway that responds to a molecule that stays in the extracellular space is
The first step in a signaling pathway that responds to a molecule that stays in the extracellular space is
- binding of the signal molecule to a receptor. (correct)
- diffusion through the plasma membrane into the cell.
- activation of gene expression.
- phosphorylation and activation of the receptor protein.
What type of cell response would take the longest amount of time (on the scale of minutes to hours) to execute?
What type of cell response would take the longest amount of time (on the scale of minutes to hours) to execute?
- one that involves the release of secretory vesicles
- one that involves a change in gene expression (correct)
- one that involves the firing of an action potential along a neuron
- one that uses a phosphorylation event to activate an enzyme
Which of the following is NOT an intracellular signaling protein activated by an RTK?
Which of the following is NOT an intracellular signaling protein activated by an RTK?
- Ras
- monomeric GTPase
- G-protein (correct)
- PI-3-kinase
Steroid hormones trigger transcription of target genes by
Steroid hormones trigger transcription of target genes by
Which of the following types of cell signaling is long range and uses hormones as signals?
Which of the following types of cell signaling is long range and uses hormones as signals?
The active form of a monomeric GTP-binding protein is the
The active form of a monomeric GTP-binding protein is the
Which of the following describes negative feedback regulation?
Which of the following describes negative feedback regulation?
Enzymes that add a phosphate group to a switch protein are called
Enzymes that add a phosphate group to a switch protein are called
How does the binding of a signal molecule activate an RTK for downstream signaling?
How does the binding of a signal molecule activate an RTK for downstream signaling?
Shown below is a diagram of how theoretical intracellular signaling pathways could integrate incoming signals to produce a coordinated cell response.
Shown below is a diagram of how theoretical intracellular signaling pathways could integrate incoming signals to produce a coordinated cell response.
Study Notes
Cell Signaling
- Signaling pathways that respond to molecules in the extracellular space start with the binding of the molecule to a receptor on the cell surface.
Cell Response Timing
- Cell responses that take the longest amount of time (on the scale of minutes to hours) to execute are typically transcriptional responses.
Intracellular Signaling Proteins
- One protein that is NOT activated by an RTK (Receptor Tyrosine Kinase) is G protein.
Steroid Hormone Signaling
- Steroid hormones trigger transcription of target genes by binding to intracellular receptors.
Long-Range Cell Signaling
- Long-range cell signaling that uses hormones as signals is endocrine signaling.
Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins
- The active form of a monomeric GTP-binding protein is the GTP-bound form.
Negative Feedback Regulation
- Negative feedback regulation occurs when the product of a pathway inhibits an earlier step in the same pathway.
Protein Phosphorylation
- Enzymes that add a phosphate group to a switch protein are called protein kinases.
RTK Activation
- The binding of a signal molecule to an RTK (Receptor Tyrosine Kinase) activates it for downstream signaling by causing the receptor to dimerize and autophosphorylate.
Intracellular Signaling Pathway Integration
- Intracellular signaling pathways can integrate incoming signals to produce a coordinated cell response by converging on common signaling components or by having opposing effects on a shared target.
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