Signal Transduction and Drug Action
25 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is a consequence of the permanent activation of HER2 in breast cancer?

  • Inhibition of cell growth
  • Increased apoptosis
  • Unregulated cell division (correct)
  • Decreased cell division
  • How does Lapatinib affect HER2 in breast cancer treatment?

  • It permanently activates the HER2 receptor
  • It inhibits phosphorylation of the HER2 receptor (correct)
  • It enhances receptor auto-phosphorylation
  • It blocks HER2 gene expression
  • What percentage of human breast cancers is associated with the permanent activation of HER2?

  • 10 percent
  • 20 percent
  • 40 percent
  • 30 percent (correct)
  • What is the effect of Lapatinib on tumor growth in breast cancer patients?

    <p>Reduces tumor growth by 50 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism by which HER2 contributes to breast cancer progression?

    <p>By enabling rapid cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the drugs that bind to the GABAA receptor–chloride channel complex?

    <p>To facilitate the opening of channels in response to GABA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ion channels are classified as voltage-gated according to the content?

    <p>Sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), and chloride (Cl–).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates the action of drugs that bind to the GABAA receptor?

    <p>They bind to a distinct region not involved in neurotransmitter reuptake.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about voltage-gated channels is correct?

    <p>They can be activated or inactivated by changes in voltage across the membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the drugs that interact with the GABAA receptor affect GABA's physiological role?

    <p>They enhance the efficacy of GABA by promoting channel opening.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of signal transduction cascades in pharmacology?

    <p>To amplify the signal of the drug.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do intracellular signaling pathways affect cellular responses?

    <p>They produce multiple intracellular signals for one receptor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the function of cascades in relation to receptor binding?

    <p>Cascades amplify the signal from a single receptor binding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do signal transduction cascades have on drug effectiveness?

    <p>They can enhance the effectiveness by producing multiple signals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between receptor binding and the number of signals produced by cascades?

    <p>One receptor binding leads to multiple signals produced.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of nuclear receptors?

    <p>Serve as transcription factors regulating gene expression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following biological processes are nuclear receptors involved in regulating?

    <p>Cell proliferation, metabolism, immunity, and development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nuclear receptors can be described as which of the following?

    <p>Transcription factors involved in gene regulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which domain of biology do nuclear receptors primarily operate?

    <p>Cell biology regulating genetic transcription mechanisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the consequences of nuclear receptor activation?

    <p>Altered expression of target genes leading to changes in cell function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the activated G-protein serve in cellular signaling?

    <p>It interacts with either an ion channel or an enzyme in the membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining characteristic of the family of transmembrane receptors mentioned?

    <p>They consist of seven transmembrane domains.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the specific extracellular domain important for G-protein coupled receptors?

    <p>It ensures the receptor can bind to distinct ligands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the G-protein-binding site of the receptors?

    <p>It varies between different receptor types.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the seven transmembrane domains in these receptors?

    <p>They anchor the receptor in the cell membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Signal Transduction Cascades

    • Cascades amplify the signal of a drug.
    • They produce multiple intracellular signals for every receptor bound.
    • These cascades are also called intracellular signalling pathways.

    GABA Receptor

    • Drugs that bind to these receptors facilitate the opening of the chloride channel by GABA.
    • This binding site is distinct from the GABA binding site.

    Voltage-gated Channels

    • There are many isoforms of voltage-gated channels, such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride.

    G-protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs)

    • These receptors are a large family of transmembrane receptors with seven transmembrane domains.
    • Each GPCR has a specific extracellular domain and G-protein binding site.
    • Upon activation, the G-protein interacts with either an ion channel or an enzyme in the membrane.

    HER2 Receptor

    • In 30% of human breast cancers, the HER2 receptor is permanently activated, leading to unregulated cell division.
    • The drug lapatinib inhibits HER2 receptor tyrosine kinase auto-phosphorylation, reducing tumor growth by 50%.

    Nuclear Receptors

    • These receptors are factors that regulate complex regulatory networks.
    • They play a role in important biological processes, including:
      • Cell proliferation
      • Metabolism
      • Immunity
      • Development

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Explore the mechanisms of signal transduction cascades, including how GABA receptors and GPCRs function. This quiz covers key concepts such as voltage-gated channels and the role of the HER2 receptor in cancer. Test your knowledge on these vital topics in pharmacology.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Browser