Sickle Cell Anemia and Protein Structure Quiz

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What is the primary cause of Sickle Cell Anemia?

Covalent joining of amino acids in the primary structure

Strong association between protein structure and function

Rigid, sickle-like shape of red blood cells

Replacement of polar glutamate with nonpolar valine in the hemoglobin (correct)

What do secondary structures of proteins refer to?

Abnormalities in the linear sequence of amino acids

Formation of peptide bonds between amino acids

Regular arrangements of amino acids in the polypeptide backbone (correct)

Replacement of polar glutamate with nonpolar valine

Which level of protein structure is affected by the abnormality causing genetic diseases?

Tertiary Structure

Primary Structure (correct)

Quaternary Structure

Secondary Structure

Which protein is the most abundant in the human body?

Collagen Signup and view all the answers

What causes the polypeptide backbone to form regular arrangements of amino acids?

Hydrogen bonding Signup and view all the answers

What vitamin is required as a reducing agent for the hydroxylation of proline and lysine in collagen biosynthesis?

Vitamin C Signup and view all the answers

Which connective tissue disorder is characterized by impaired structural integrity in the skeleton, eye, and cardiovascular system?

Marfan syndrome Signup and view all the answers

Where is elastin primarily found in the human body?

In the walls of large arteries Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of myoglobin (Mb) in the body?

Acting as a reservoir for oxygen Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of hemoglobin (Hb) in the body?

Transporting oxygen from the lungs to the tissues Signup and view all the answers

Which hereditary hemolytic disease is characterized by decreased synthesis of β-chains?

Thalassemia Signup and view all the answers

What are the sources that supply amino acids to the amino acid pool?

Signup and view all the answers

What process requires molecular oxygen, Fe2+, and vitamin C (ascorbic acid)?

Hydroxylation of proline and lysine in collagen biosynthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of thalassemia?

Decreased synthesis of globin chains Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main functions of elastin in the human body?

Stretching several times its normal length and recoiling to original shape Signup and view all the answers

Sickle Cell Anemia is caused by the replacement of polar glutamate with nonpolar valine in the b-subunit of hemoglobin.

True Signup and view all the answers

The primary structure of a protein refers to the linear sequence of amino acids.

True Signup and view all the answers

Secondary structures of proteins refer to random three-dimensional structures of the polypeptide backbone.

False Signup and view all the answers

What does scurvy result in due to a lack of proline and lysine hydroxylation?

Decrease in tensile strength of assembled fiber Signup and view all the answers

Abnormalities in the primary structure of proteins do not cause any genetic diseases.

False Signup and view all the answers

Collagen is a globular protein found in the extracellular matrix, the vitreous humor of the eye, and bone.

False Signup and view all the answers

The biosynthesis of collagen involves the hydroxylation of proline and lysine, which requires molecular oxygen, Fe2+, and the reducing agent vitamin C (ascorbic acid).

True Signup and view all the answers

Ascorbic acid deficiency can lead to a decrease in the tensile strength of collagen fibers due to impaired interchain hydrogen-bond formation.

True Signup and view all the answers

Elastin is primarily found in the walls of large arteries and the elastic ligaments.

True Signup and view all the answers

Myoglobin (Mb) is a heme protein present in heart and skeletal muscle and consists of multiple polypeptide chains.

False Signup and view all the answers

Hemoglobin (Hb) consists of two identical dimers: (αβ)1 and (αβ)2, and it is primarily found in white blood cells.

False Signup and view all the answers

Thalassemia is characterized by decreased synthesis of both α-chains and β-chains.

False Signup and view all the answers

The amino acid pool is supplied by the degradation of body proteins, dietary protein, and the synthesis of nonessential amino acids.

True Signup and view all the answers

The amino acid pool is depleted by the conversion of amino acids to glucose, glycogen, fatty acids, ketone bodies, or CO2 + H2O.

True Signup and view all the answers

The digestion of dietary proteins involves bicarbonate (HCO3-) and pancreatic enzymes.

True Signup and view all the answers

Elastin can be stretched to several times its normal length but does not recoil to its original shape when the stretching force is relaxed.

False Signup and view all the answers

Nitrogen balance is determined by the input to and output from the amino acid pool.

True Signup and view all the answers

Sickle Cell Anemia and Protein Structure Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of Sickle Cell Anemia?

What do secondary structures of proteins refer to?

Which level of protein structure is affected by the abnormality causing genetic diseases?

Which protein is the most abundant in the human body?

What causes the polypeptide backbone to form regular arrangements of amino acids?

What vitamin is required as a reducing agent for the hydroxylation of proline and lysine in collagen biosynthesis?

Which connective tissue disorder is characterized by impaired structural integrity in the skeleton, eye, and cardiovascular system?

Where is elastin primarily found in the human body?

What is the main function of myoglobin (Mb) in the body?

What is the primary function of hemoglobin (Hb) in the body?

Which hereditary hemolytic disease is characterized by decreased synthesis of β-chains?

What are the sources that supply amino acids to the amino acid pool?

What process requires molecular oxygen, Fe2+, and vitamin C (ascorbic acid)?

What is the primary characteristic of thalassemia?

What is one of the main functions of elastin in the human body?

Sickle Cell Anemia is caused by the replacement of polar glutamate with nonpolar valine in the b-subunit of hemoglobin.

The primary structure of a protein refers to the linear sequence of amino acids.

Secondary structures of proteins refer to random three-dimensional structures of the polypeptide backbone.

What does scurvy result in due to a lack of proline and lysine hydroxylation?

Abnormalities in the primary structure of proteins do not cause any genetic diseases.

Collagen is a globular protein found in the extracellular matrix, the vitreous humor of the eye, and bone.

The biosynthesis of collagen involves the hydroxylation of proline and lysine, which requires molecular oxygen, Fe2+, and the reducing agent vitamin C (ascorbic acid).

Ascorbic acid deficiency can lead to a decrease in the tensile strength of collagen fibers due to impaired interchain hydrogen-bond formation.

Elastin is primarily found in the walls of large arteries and the elastic ligaments.

Myoglobin (Mb) is a heme protein present in heart and skeletal muscle and consists of multiple polypeptide chains.

Hemoglobin (Hb) consists of two identical dimers: (αβ)1 and (αβ)2, and it is primarily found in white blood cells.

Thalassemia is characterized by decreased synthesis of both α-chains and β-chains.

The amino acid pool is supplied by the degradation of body proteins, dietary protein, and the synthesis of nonessential amino acids.

The amino acid pool is depleted by the conversion of amino acids to glucose, glycogen, fatty acids, ketone bodies, or CO2 + H2O.

The digestion of dietary proteins involves bicarbonate (HCO3-) and pancreatic enzymes.

Elastin can be stretched to several times its normal length but does not recoil to its original shape when the stretching force is relaxed.

Nitrogen balance is determined by the input to and output from the amino acid pool.

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