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Questions and Answers

What is the major protein of erythrocytes?

Hemoglobin

Who coined the term 'molecular medicine' based on their work on sickle cell anemia?

Linus Pauling

What did Linus Pauling find when he performed electrophoresis on hemoglobin from sickle cell anemia patients?

An altered mobility for hemoglobin

What did Linus Pauling conclude was the cause of sickling in sickle cell anemia?

Presence of an abnormal hemoglobin molecule with altered charge Signup and view all the answers

What is the complete set of protein kinase genes in the genome called?

Human kinome Signup and view all the answers

How many FDA-approved therapeutic agents target protein kinases?

73 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of antibody-based therapy in the pharmaceutical industry?

Antibodies can be directed to recognize tumor cell surface antigens. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of antibodies in the context of cancer treatment?

Inhibiting the immune system's response to cancer. Signup and view all the answers

Which researcher is associated with the DNA replication and cancer therapeutics group?

Corrado Santocanale. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a hallmark of cancer?

Cellular immortality. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a role of Cdc7 kinase in DNA replication?

Promoting DNA replication initiation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of molecular medicine?

Understanding disease causes and mechanisms at the molecular level Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component involved in DNA replication?

Cdc7 Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Cdc7 inhibitors in cancer therapy?

Inhibit tumor growth Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of Cdc7 kinase?

N-terminal Lobe, C-terminal Lobe, Kinase Insert I, Kinase Insert II, Kinase Insert III, A-loop, Hinge Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of molecular medicine?

A science that seeks to comprehend disease causes and mechanisms at the molecular level Signup and view all the answers

Which unit of study focuses on the DNA damage response and its relationship to cancer?

Unit 4: General concepts of cancers Signup and view all the answers

Mutations in protein kinases are associated with several cancers - give examples

• Bcr/Abl in leukemia – Philadelphia chromosome <ul> <li>Src, EGFR, Akt in several cancers</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

Human kinome = ?

the complete set of protein kinase genes in the genome = >500 Signup and view all the answers

Steps in CAR T Cell Therapy

<ol> <li>take T cells from the patient</li> <li>Make CAR T cells in the lab</li> <li>Grow millions of them</li> <li>Infuse them into the patient</li> <li>they bind to cancer cells and kill them</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

what does CAR stand for in CAR T cells?

Chimeric Antigen receptor Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Erythrocytes and Hemoglobin

The major protein of erythrocytes is hemoglobin.
Hemoglobin from sickle cell anemia patients, when subjected to electrophoresis, shows an abnormality, as discovered by Linus Pauling.
Linus Pauling concluded that the cause of sickling in sickle cell anemia is an abnormality in hemoglobin.

Protein Kinases

The complete set of protein kinase genes in the genome is called the kinome.
Human kinome refers to the complete set of protein kinase genes in the human genome.
There are over 20 FDA-approved therapeutic agents that target protein kinases.

Antibodies and Therapy

Antibody-based therapy is a characteristic of the pharmaceutical industry.
Antibodies do not directly kill cancer cells in cancer treatment.
A researcher associated with the DNA replication and cancer therapeutics group is not specified.

Cancer

Apoptosis evasion is a hallmark of cancer.
A function of Cdc7 kinase in DNA replication is to activate MCM complexes.
Mutations in protein kinases are associated with several cancers, such as lung, breast, and colorectal cancers.

Molecular Medicine

The primary focus of molecular medicine is the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of diseases.
Molecular medicine is defined as the application of molecular biology and genetics to the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases.

DNA Replication and Cancer

The unit of study that focuses on the DNA damage response and its relationship to cancer is molecular medicine.
Cdc7 inhibitors are used in cancer therapy to inhibit DNA replication.
The structure of Cdc7 kinase is a serine-threonine kinase.

CAR T Cell Therapy

CAR stands for Chimeric Antigen Receptor in CAR T cells.
Steps in CAR T Cell Therapy include: a) T cell collection, b) T cell genetic modification, c) T cell expansion, and d) T cell infusion.

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