56 Questions
- What is the primary research aim of the study conducted by Ji-Yeon Kim et al.?
The primary research aim is to examine how changes in sibling intimacy and conflict from middle childhood through later adolescence are linked to changes in youth's perceived peer social competence and their symptoms of depression, and whether linkage patterns varied as a function of family structure characteristics.
- What are the two topics of interest explored in the study?
The two topics of interest explored in the study are peer social competence and depressive symptoms.
- How many maritally intact families participated in the study?
197 maritally intact families participated in the study.
What measures were collected in the study?
Sibling relationships: Sibling intimacy & sibling conflict, Parents responsiveness/ acceptance, Parent-child conflict, Perceived peer social competence, Youths' and parents' depressive symptoms, General family background information
What is the focus of multilevel modeling (MLM)?
The focus of MLM is on within-individual change over time and examining the links between sibling experiences and youth adjustment.
What were the findings regarding changes in sibling intimacy and social competence?
Changes in sibling intimacy were linked to changes in social competence, with stronger effects observed for younger siblings.
What were the overall growth curves for peer social competence and depressive symptoms?
Higher sibling intimacy was associated with higher perceived social competence and lower depressive symptoms, while higher sibling conflict was associated with lower perceived social competence and higher depressive symptoms.
What is the role of birth order according to the family systems perspective?
The role of birth order according to the family systems perspective is that second-borns' developmental patterns tend to emerge 2-3 years prior to those of firstborns, and stressors in the larger family environment can affect both siblings at the same point in time.
What are the possible mediators in the link between sibling relationships and social competence and depressive symptoms?
The possible mediators in the link between sibling relationships and social competence and depressive symptoms are social learning processes including modeling and reinforcement.
What are the potential effects of having a close sibling relationship?
Having a close sibling relationship can be a source of advice and support, provide social opportunities with a different peer group, and lead to positive adjustment.
What are the potential effects of having frequent sibling conflict?
Having frequent sibling conflict can lead to stress, maladaptive interaction styles, negative adjustment, and changes in depressive symptoms.
What is the primary research aim of the study conducted by Ji-Yeon Kim et al.?
Chart the development of peer social competence and depressive symptoms from childhood through adolescence and test whether changes in sibling relationship qualities are linked to changes in these dimensions of youth adjustment.
What are the two topics of interest explored in the study?
Sibling relationships and youth adjustment (specifically peer social competence and depressive symptoms)
How many maritally intact families participated in the study?
The text does not specify the number of maritally intact families that participated in the study.
What are the potential effects of having a close sibling relationship?
Higher perceived social competence and lower depressive symptoms
What are the potential effects of having frequent sibling conflict?
Lower perceived social competence and higher depressive symptoms
What measures were collected in the study?
Sibling relationships (intimacy and conflict), parents' responsiveness/acceptance and parent-child conflict, perceived peer social competence, youths' and parents' depressive symptoms, and general family background information.
What are the possible mediators in the link between sibling relationships and social competence and depressive symptoms?
Children's adjustment to the transition to school and increasing social cognitive skills
What is the role of birth order according to the family systems perspective?
Birth order acts as a significant moderator of the relationship between sibling intimacy, youth perceived social competence, and depressive symptoms.
What were the findings regarding changes in sibling intimacy and social competence?
Changes in sibling intimacy were linked to changes in social competence, with a stronger effect for younger siblings.
What were the overall growth curves for peer social competence and depressive symptoms?
Youth's perceived social competence increased across childhood, reached its highest point at about age 13, and then declined in adolescence. Depressive symptoms peaked around age 16 and then declined.
What is the potential role of birth order in sibling relationships according to the family systems perspective?
Second-borns’ developmental patterns tended to emerge 2–3 years prior to those of firstborns.
What are the potential effects of having a close sibling relationship?
Source of advice and support, social opportunities with a different peer group, positive adjustment (RPF).
What are the potential effects of having frequent sibling conflict?
Youth may be stressed, maladaptive interaction styles, negative adjustment (RPF), changes in depressive symptoms.
What are the possible mediators in the link between sibling relationships and social competence and depressive symptoms?
Social learning processes including modeling and reinforcement.
What are the main findings regarding the influence of older siblings on younger siblings?
Older siblings’ influence on younger siblings is evident in their role modeling and earlier exposure to the risks of adolescence.
What are the potential directions for future research and limitations of the study?
More diverse sample needed, examining characteristics of youth as possible moderators, correlational design limits inferences about causal relations.
What is the overall significance of sibling relationships in one another’s development and wellbeing?
Sibling relationships play a significant role in each other’s development and wellbeing.
How are sibling relationships often overlooked compared to other close relationships?
Sibling relationships have received considerably less attention by researchers compared to parent-child and peer relationships.
What does this study of siblings shed light on in terms of family dynamics?
This study of siblings sheds light on how families operate as systems and suggests new directions for examining family influences on youth development.
What is the primary research aim of the study conducted by Ji-Yeon Kim et al.?
The primary research aim is to examine the long-term effects of sibling relationships on youth development.
What is the purpose of the study conducted by Ji-Yeon Kim et al.?
The purpose of the study is to examine how changes in sibling intimacy and conflict from middle childhood through later adolescence are linked to changes in youth's perceived peer social competence and their symptoms of depression, and whether linkage patterns varied as a function of family structure characteristics.
What are the two main topics of interest explored in the study?
The two main topics of interest explored in the study are peer social competence and depressive symptoms.
What is the role of family structure characteristics in the study?
Family structure characteristics are examined as potential moderators in the linkages between changes in sibling intimacy and conflict and changes in youth's perceived peer social competence and depressive symptoms.
What measures were collected in the study?
The study collected measures of sibling intimacy and conflict, youth's perceived peer social competence, symptoms of depression, parent-child relationship quality, and siblings' and parents' depression symptoms.
What were the findings regarding changes in sibling intimacy and social competence?
The study examined the links between changes in sibling warmth and conflict and changes in youth's perceived peer social competence. It also tested whether family structure characteristics moderated those linkages.
What were the overall growth curves for peer social competence and depressive symptoms?
The study did not provide information on the overall growth curves for peer social competence and depressive symptoms.
How many maritally intact families participated in the study?
197 maritally intact families participated in the study.
What is the role of birth order according to the family systems perspective?
The text does not provide information on the role of birth order according to the family systems perspective.
What are the potential effects of having frequent sibling conflict?
The potential effects of having frequent sibling conflict are not explicitly discussed in the text.
What are the possible mediators in the link between sibling relationships and social competence and depressive symptoms?
The text does not provide information on the possible mediators in the link between sibling relationships and social competence and depressive symptoms.
Changes in sibling ______ were linked to changes in social competence
intimacy
Changes in sibling ______ were linked to changes in depressive symptoms
conflict
Social competence ______ from age 7 to about age 13 and then declining
increasing
Depressive symptoms ______ between age 8 and age 10, begin to rise again after about age 11, peak about age 16, and then decline
decline
Higher sibling ______ was associated with higher perceived social competence and lower depressive symptoms
intimacy
Changes in sibling ______ and conflict from middle childhood through later adolescence are linked to changes in youth’s perceived peer social competence and their symptoms of depression
intimacy
Changes in siblings’ warmth and conflict were linked to changes in youth’s perceived ______ from early in middle childhood through late adolescence
peer social competence
Family structure characteristics ______ those linkages between changes in sibling warmth and conflict and changes in youth’s perceived peer social competence
moderate
The study examined the links between changes in sibling ______ and conflict and changes in siblings’ depression symptoms
intimacy
The moderating role of family structure characteristics in the links between changes in sibling intimacy and conflict and changes in siblings’ depression symptoms was ______
tested
Sibling relationships have received considerably less attention by researchers compared to other close relationships such as ______–child and peer relationships.
parent
According to the family systems perspective, the role of birth order is in line with interdependencies among family members’ experiences, where stressors in the larger family environment affect both siblings at the same point in time, when siblings differ in age. Firstborn’s transition to adolescence may be stressful to the family as a whole, while later-borns’ adjustment patterns are tied to the developmental status of ______.
firstborns
Having a close sibling relationship can serve as a source of advice and support, create social opportunities with a different peer group, and promote positive adjustment. On the other hand, frequent sibling conflict may lead to stress, maladaptive interaction styles, negative adjustment, and even changes in ______ symptoms.
depressive
The study found that second-borns' developmental patterns tended to emerge 2–3 years prior to those of firstborns, suggesting that birth order effects may manifest earlier for second-borns. However, the study also found that second-borns were not more affected by their sibling experiences compared to ______.
firstborns
The study suggests that both directions of effect may be at play in the relationship between sibling relationships and social competence and depressive symptoms. Youth may bring social competencies and deficits learned with peers to bear in their sibling relationships, while older siblings may influence younger siblings as role models and through earlier exposure to the risks of ______.
adolescence
Test your knowledge on the longitudinal linkages between sibling relationships and adjustment from middle childhood through adolescence. This quiz explores the changes in sibling intimacy and conflict and how they are linked to changes in youth's perceived well-being.
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