30 Questions
According to the study, what is the primary research aim?
To examine the link between sibling relationships and adjustment
What is one of the further topics of interest in the study?
Sibling conflict and youth's depression symptoms
What is the role of family structure characteristics in the study?
To moderate the link between youth's perceived peer social competence and symptoms of depression
How many maritally intact families participated in the study?
197
What is the mean age difference between siblings in the study?
2
What is the relationship between changes in sibling warmth and youth's perceived peer social competence?
Positive
What is the relationship between changes in sibling conflict and youth's perceived peer social competence?
Negative
What is the relationship between changes in sibling intimacy and siblings' depression symptoms?
Positive
What is the relationship between changes in sibling conflict and siblings' depression symptoms?
Positive
What is the role of family structure characteristics in the link between sibling relationships and adjustment?
To moderate the link between sibling intimacy and conflict
According to the study, what is the focus of multilevel modeling (MLM)?
Testing the links between sibling relationships and youth adjustment
What did the study find about the relationship between changes in sibling intimacy and changes in social competence?
The link is stronger for younger siblings
What did the study find about the relationship between changes in sibling conflict and changes in depressive symptoms?
The link varies by birth order
What did the study find about the relationship between sibling intimacy and depressive symptoms?
Higher sibling intimacy is associated with higher depressive symptoms
What did the study find about the relationship between sibling conflict and social competence?
Higher sibling conflict is associated with lower social competence
What did the study find about the relationship between birth order and sibling intimacy?
Birth order moderates the link between sibling intimacy and social competence
What did the study find about the relationship between family size and youth adjustment?
Family size has no effect on youth adjustment
What did the study find about the relationship between dyad sex constellation and youth adjustment?
Dyad sex constellation has no effect on youth adjustment
What did the study find about the relationship between sex and peer social competence?
Boys reported higher levels of peer competence than girls
What did the study find about the overall growth curves for peer social competence and depressive symptoms?
Higher sibling intimacy was associated with higher perceived social competence and lower depressive symptoms
According to the text, which statement is true about the role of birth order?
Second-borns' developmental patterns tend to emerge 2-3 years after those of firstborns
According to the text, what are the possible mediators for the links between sibling relationships and social competence and depressive symptoms?
Social learning processes including modeling and reinforcement
According to the text, which direction of effect is suggested by most research on sibling influence?
Older siblings' influence on younger siblings
According to the text, what is a limitation of the study mentioned?
The study used a correlational design
According to the text, relative to other close relationships, sibling relationships have received
Considerably less attention by researchers
According to the text, what is the main finding of the study mentioned?
Siblings have a significant influence on each other's development and wellbeing
According to the text, what is suggested by the study mentioned about how families operate as systems?
The study provides directions for examining family influences on youth development
According to the text, what is a possible direction for future research mentioned?
Examining other ethnic groups where familism values are less important
According to the text, what is a possible moderator that should be examined in future research?
Characteristics of youth such as personality qualities
According to the text, what is a possible causal scenario mentioned about youth and their sibling relationships?
Youth may bring social competencies and deficits learned with peers to bear in their sibling relationships
Study Notes
Research Aim and Study Design
- The primary research aim is to examine the relationships between sibling relationships and youth's adjustment.
- The study focuses on the links between sibling relationships and social competence and depressive symptoms.
Family Structure Characteristics
- Family structure characteristics play a role in the study as a moderator of the links between sibling relationships and adjustment.
- The study included 175 maritally intact families, with a mean age difference between siblings of 2.5 years.
Sibling Relationships and Adjustment
- Changes in sibling warmth are positively related to youth's perceived peer social competence.
- Changes in sibling conflict are negatively related to youth's perceived peer social competence.
- Changes in sibling intimacy are negatively related to siblings' depression symptoms.
- Changes in sibling conflict are positively related to siblings' depression symptoms.
Multilevel Modeling (MLM)
- The focus of multilevel modeling (MLM) is on the links between sibling relationships and youth's adjustment, examining the growth curves for peer social competence and depressive symptoms.
Key Findings
- Changes in sibling intimacy are positively related to changes in social competence.
- Changes in sibling conflict are positively related to changes in depressive symptoms.
- Sibling intimacy is negatively related to depressive symptoms.
- Sibling conflict is negatively related to social competence.
- Birth order is positively related to sibling intimacy.
- Family size is not related to youth adjustment.
- Dyad sex constellation is not related to youth adjustment.
- Sex is not related to peer social competence.
Overall Growth Curves
- The overall growth curves for peer social competence and depressive symptoms show significant changes over time.
Birth Order and Sibling Relationships
- Birth order plays a role in shaping sibling relationships, with older siblings having a greater influence on younger siblings.
Mediators and Moderators
- Possible mediators for the links between sibling relationships and social competence and depressive symptoms include empathy, communication, and conflict resolution.
- Family structure characteristics are a possible moderator of the links between sibling relationships and adjustment.
Direction of Effect
- Most research suggests that sibling relationships influence youth's adjustment, rather than the reverse.
Limitations and Future Research
- A limitation of the study is that it did not examine the perspectives of both siblings.
- Future research should examine the role of sibling relationships in different family structures and cultural contexts.
- A possible moderator for future research is the quality of parent-child relationships.
- A possible causal scenario is that youth who experience more sibling conflict are more likely to develop depressive symptoms.
Test your knowledge on the longitudinal linkages between sibling relationships and adjustment from middle childhood through adolescence. This quiz explores the changes in sibling intimacy and conflict and how they are linked to changes in youth's perceived well-being.
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