Neuro 1 - credit test
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Questions and Answers

CT angiography of cerebral blood vessels is indicated in case of:

  • Subarachnoid bleeding - together with ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack and cerebral parenchymal hemorrhage (correct)
  • Epidural bleeding - CT, MRI, EEG
  • Meningitis or encephalitis
  • Subdural bleeding

    • CT angiography of cerebral blood vessels is contraindicated in:

  • Patients with allergy to gadolinium
  • Pregnancy (correct)
  • Patients with large intracranial aneurysm
  • Patients with intracerebral bleeding

    • Mark the correct statement regarding digital subtraction angiography (DSA)

  • Does not ruse any radiation during the examination
  • During examination no contrast agent is used
  • It is non-invasive cerebrovascular imaging method
  • It is an invasive imaging method, which uses a contrast agent directly administered into arterial blood vessels (correct)

    • Mark a false statement regarding CT angiography

    <p>Not recommended in patients with ischemic stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the correct statement regarding digital subtraction angiography (DSA)

    <p>It is a diagnostic and therapeutic method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the correct statement about MR angiography (MRA)

    <p>Does not use radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During MRA - MR angiography

    <p>For more detailed blood vessel visualization, gadolinium may be used</p> Signup and view all the answers

    MR angiography is absolutely contraindicated in:

    <p>Patients with implanted steel material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which EEG finding supports epileptic origin of paroxysmal loss of consciousness (epileptic seizure)?

    <p>Spike-wave complexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    EMG (electromyography): nerve conduction studies - NCS show

    <p>In the case of a demyelinating-axonal lesion, a slowing down of the conduction velocity of a given part of nerve and a normal amplitude of the action potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    EMG (electromyography) in NCS (nerve conduction studies) show:

    <p>In the case of an axonal lesion, we find the normal conduction velocity of a given part of the nerve and a decrease in the amplitude of the action potential of the responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    EMG (electromyography) in NCS (nerve conduction studies) show:

    <p>In the case of a demyelinating lesion of the peripheral nerve, a slowing down of the conduction velocity of a given part of the nerve and a normal amplitude of the action potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Central (upper) motoneuron lesion is characterized by:

    <p>Hypereflexia of tendon reflexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Glasgow coma scale evaluates:

    <p>Eye-opening, verbal, motor responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    EMG (electromyography) - NCS (nerve conduction studies) show:

    <p>Are used to measure action potentials abnormalities after stimulation of peripheral nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    EMG (electromyography) is an examination method that allows to locate a lesion:

    <p>In muscle or spinal cord, spinal root, plexus, and peripheral nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    EMG (electromyography) - needle EMG:

    <p>We insert a needle into the muscle and then observe observe spontaneous muscle activity, in the next step voluntary activity (muscle contraction)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the correct statement for needle EMG (electromyography):

    <p>Needle is inserted into the particular muscle and spontaneous resting and voluntary activity of supplied muscle is observed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If pathological spontaneous activity is detected in the examined muscle by needle EMG (electromyography):

    <p>It means a myasthenic syndrome with a decrement of the amplitude of action potentials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    EMG (electromyography) - needle EMG method: What do we observe in a case of myopathy?

    <p>A myopathic pattern as shortening the duration of the action potential of motor units and decreasing the amplitude of the response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the correct statement for EMG:

    <p>Myopathic pattern means reduced duration of motor unit's action potentials and decreased amplitude of a motor response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark correct statement for needle EMG (electromyography) finding in case of myopathy:

    <p>Denervation potentials called fibrillation or fasciculations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark correct statement:

    <p>Spinal cord lesion can be manifested by contralateral hemiparesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The evoked potentials - BAEP (Brainstem auditory EP) are used for:

    <p>Detection of conduction disturbances in the auditory tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Evoked potentials - BAEP are used for:

    <p>The detection of auditory (hearing) pathway disorders - in brainstem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Evoked potentials: using SEP (somatosensory EP) we investigate:

    <p>The function of the sensitive pathway on its part of the peripheral nerve, spinal roots, spinal cord, brainstem and cerebral cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Evoked Potentials - SEP:

    <p>Median nerve and tibial posterior nerve stimulation is the most often used in practice SEP evaluation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Evoked potentials - SEP are used for examination:

    <p>Of sensitivity pathway ranging from the peripheral nerve, spinal roots, spinal dorsal columns, brainstem, thalamus, and cerebral parietal cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The principle of the investigation of evoked potentials (EP) is:

    <p>Registration of the nerve impulse propagation along a certain neural path, it is a response of nerve to a precisely defined stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    VEP - Visual evoked potentials:

    <p>Physiological finding after eye stimulation is a complex of three waves N-P-N, of which the most important is the latency of the wave P100</p> Signup and view all the answers

    VEP - visual evoked potentials are mainly used for:

    <p>Detection of disorders of the optic pathway, especially part of the optic nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    VEP - visual evoked potentials are mainly used for:

    <p>Detection of anterior and posterior visual pathway disorder. Mainly in optic nerve disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    VEP - Visual evoked potentials (incomplete question)

    <p>Stimulating the eye uses a structured trigger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hyperproteinorachia:

    <p>Can be present in patients with meningoencephalitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Main indications of cerebrospinal fluid analysis:

    <p>Autoimmune encephalitis, meningeal carcinomatosis. multiple sclerosis, myelitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What diseases lead to the positive intrathecal synthesis of Ig-G:

    <p>Multiple sclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the correct answer about Spectophotometric analysis of CSF:

    <p>It detects the presence of blood in cerebrospinal fluid (SAH - Subarachnoid Hemorrhage)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the incorrect answer about MRI:

    <p>It is more sensitive than CT, in depicting bone tissue pathology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the correct answer about CSF examination:

    <p>CSF examination is indicated in patients with suspicion of demyelinating disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about MRI?

    <p>It is more sensitive in depicting soft tissue pathology, in comparison with CT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the correct answer about MRI:

    <p>Brain MRI of patients with multiple sclerosis shows T2/FLAIR hyper intense lesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the incorrect answer about MRI:

    <p>Brain MRI of patients with multiple sclerosis shows T1 hyper intense lesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can we see on plane X-Ray?

    <p>Bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the correct answer about psychogenic movement disorders:

    <p>Physiotherapy might help</p> Signup and view all the answers

    MRI:

    <p>Displays demyelinating lesions in multiple sclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    MRI:

    <p>In T2 imaging visualizes hyper intense demyelinating lesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    MRI is the first method of choice in:

    <p>Diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke (1st multiple sclerosis)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the correct answer:

    <p>CSF is displayed as hyperintense on T2-weighted MR image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the incorrect statement about sonography of extracranial vessels:

    <p>It is not used for diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the correct statement about B-mode sonography of extra cranial vessels:

    <p>It can depict structures under the probe based on reflected ultrasound waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vertebral arteries:

    <p>They divert from subclavian artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about transcranial sonography of cerebral arteries?

    <p>The examination is carried out through the so-called acoustic bone windows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    We routinely do not use duplex ultrasound exam of extra cranial blood vessels in:

    <p>Control exam of patients after carotid artery stoning or carotid endarterectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Duplex USG examination of extra cranial brain vessels is not commonly used for:

    <p>Patient with hemorrhagic stroke (Bain hemorrhage)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Duplex ultrasound examination of extracranial blood vessels is contraindicated:

    <p>Ultrasound has no contraindications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Duplex sonography of extracranial brain vessels is contraindicated in:

    <p>No significant contraindications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which from the following statements is true considering Duplex ultrasound examination of extracranial vessels?

    <p>Usage of B-mode and Doppler mode for display (of blood vessels)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statement is true considering duplex ultrasound examination of extra cranial vessels?

    <p>It uses B mode and Doppler mode for display of blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Routinely we use ultrasound examination in diagnosis of

    <p>Cerebrovascular diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Carotid sonography cannot reveal

    <p>Presence of a soft atherosclerotic plaque in the cervical part of internal carotid artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Typical features of NREM sleep are not:

    <p>Rapid eye movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Typical features of REM sleep are:

    <p>Muscle atonia, saw tooth waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Typical feature of NREM sleep are

    <p>Sleeping (slow wave, deep-delta sleep)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Epidural bleeding on CT is seen as:

    <p>Hyperdense biconvex lens-like shape lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about brain ischemia on CT?

    <p>In acute stage, brain ischemia is hyperdense</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dysdiadochokinesis means

    <p>Problem with rapid alternating movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a feature of cerebellar dysfunction?

    <p>Rigidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cerebellar dysfunction may present with:

    <p>Gait with narrow basis and decreased armswing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a feature of neocerebellar syndrome?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a feature of neocerebellar syndrome?

    <p>Trunk assynergy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Patients with cerebellar dysfunction typically fall:

    <p>Backwards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dysmetria means

    <p>Problem with aiming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neocerebellum includes:

    <p>Cerebellar hemispheres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lesions of vermis will be primarily related to ataxia of:

    <p>Standing and walking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the correct statement:

    <p>The internal carotid artery divides into the middle cerebral artery and anterior cerebral artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the correct statement about common carotid artery:

    <p>It is a direct branch of aortic arch on the left side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true?

    <p>Right common carotid artery diverges directly from brachiocephalic trunk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathway crosses in the area of central spinal canal (comissura alba anterior)?

    <p>Pathway for temperature (lateral spinothalamic tract)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neuropathic pain:

    <p>Can appear in lesions of both the central and peripheral nervous systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neuropathic pain

    <p>Anticonvulsant and antidepressant have fine effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What diagnoses are presented by meningeal syndrome? (which disorder)

    <p>Subarachnoidal bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Isolated defect in deep sensitivity occurs within

    <p>Lession of posterior columns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An abnormal painful sensitive perception is called:

    <p>Dysesthesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bradikynesia means:

    <p>Slowness of movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Parkinsonian syndrome is:

    <p>Bradykinesia in combination with rigidity and/or resting tremor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Typical sign of parkinsonian syndrome is:

    <p>Resting tremor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Typical tremor in Parkinsons disease is (typical temporal Parkinsons disease is):

    <p>Resting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true for rigidity?

    <p>Rigidity worsens with co-activation of contralateral limbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is incorrect about rigidity?

    <p>Depends on velocity of a passive movement of a limb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Upper brainstem lesion is manifested as:

    <p>Deficit of both sensation modalities on contralateral half of body and homolateral half of the face</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is pathognomonic for functional tremor?

    <p>None of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following belongs to hyperkinetic movement disorders?

    <p>Myoclonus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hypokinetic movement disorder is:

    <p>Parkinsonism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chorea is:

    <p>An involuntary unpredictable complex hyperkinetic movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chorea is defined as:

    <p>Complex involuntary, often twisting movements that do not have a typical pattern and are unpredictable movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age is autoimmune chorea typical for?

    <p>Late adulthood - median age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The most common genetic disorder primarily associated with chorea is:

    <p>Huntington's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements isNOT true for freezing in Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Freezing of gait is often not very responsive to dopaminergic medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Postural and kinetic tremor is most commonly associated with:

    <p>Essential tremor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Key clinical feature of Parkinson's disease (present in 100% of patients is):

    <p>Bradykinesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Intentional tremor is typical for:

    <p>Cerebellar dysfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In lesion of left CNII it is:

    <p>On the left side is not present direct FR and on the right side is not present consensual FR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In lesion of right n.III

    <p>On the right side is not present direct FR and on the left side is present consensual FR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Complete oculomotor nerve (n.III) palsy on the left side is manifested with:

    <p>Absence of direct pupillary light reaction on the left eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Oculomotor nerve palsy on left side manifestations

    <p>Indirect light reflex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method is used for objective measurement of hearing impairment?

    <p>Audiometric examination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cochlear nerve lesion is manifested by:

    <p>Hearing deficit - from hypoacusis to anacusis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If we find a smooth nasolabial line on one side during a neurological examination of the facial nerve innervation and a drop of mouth angle it means:

    <p>Central type of facial nerve (n. VII) lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vestibular ataxia in the peripheral vestibular syndrome:

    <p>The patient has tonic deviations of the limbs on the side of the affected vestibular apparatus, it is also called &quot;vestibular harmonic syndrome&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vestibular (n.VIII) nerve:

    <p>Conducts information from receptors in the labyrinth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vestibular nerve:

    <p>Leads informations from receptoric organ (labyrinth)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the facial nerve (n.VII) lesions, innervation of facial muscles, upper branch, is clinically manifested by:

    <p>Inability to close the eye, raise eyebrows and wrinkle the forehead on the side of the lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Facial nerve (VII) lesion - peripheral type is manifested with:

    <p>Inability to wrinkle the forehead, raise the eyebrows and close the eye, there is a drop of mouth angle and the perception of taste may also be reduced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The facial nerve (n.VII) innervates or Facial nerve (n. VII) innervates:

    <p>Taste ipsilaterally, anterior two thirds of the tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the tongue is innervated by the Facial nerve (n. VII) regarding the taste?

    <p>Ipsilateral anterior two thirds of a tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The facial nerve (n. VII) is a mixed nerve and contains fibers:

    <p>Sensory for taste, vegetative (salivation, tearing), motor innervating face and sensitive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Damage to the vestibular nerve manifests as:

    <p>Nausea, vomiting, vertigo, nystagmus and vestibular ataxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lesion to the XII. cranial nerve on the left side manifests as:

    <p>Hypotrohpy and paralysis of the left half of the tongue, tip of tongue deviates to left side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In case of bulbar paralysis in the brain, lesion is located:

    <p>In medulla oblongata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Choose the correct statement about vagus nerve:

    <p>It carries the parasympathetic fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Peripheral palsy is characterized by:

    <p>Fasciculations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Peripheral palsy is characterized by:

    <p>Hyporeflexia/areflexia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark incorrect statement about plegia:

    <p>It is a partial loss of a muscle's strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Body of the upper motor neuron lies in:

    <p>Precentral gyrus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Paraparesis/ paraplegia means the weakness of:

    <p>Lower limbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hemiparesis/hemiplegia means the weakness of

    <p>Right/left limbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark incorrect statement about spasticity:

    <p>Deep brain stimulation is therapy of a choice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Signs of inferior alternating hemiparesis (Jackson's syndrome) include:

    <p>Protruded tongue deviating to ipsilateral side of the lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Signs upper alternating hemiparesis (Weber's syndrome) include:

    <p>Flaccid hemiparesis on the limbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ptosis is present in:

    <p>nIII</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Divergent stabism is present in lesion of or divergent strabism:

    <p>n III</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Convergent strabismus is present in lesion of:

    <p>n VI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Peripheral lesion of n.VII cranial nerve is present in:

    <p>It does not occur with any syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Weber's syndrome is also known as:

    <p>Superior alternating hemiplegia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Inferior alternating hemiplegia is called:

    <p>Jackson II syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of following findings is present in inferior alternating hemiplegia?

    <p>Protruded tongue is deviated to ipsilateral side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of following findings is NOT present in inferior alternating hemiplegia?

    <p>Protruded tongue is deviated to contralateral side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the case of Weber 's syndrome, the lesion is located in:

    <p>Midbrain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Weber's syndrome is characterized by

    <p>Ipsilateral nerve III. palsy and contralateral hemiparesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Occipital brain herniation (occipital conus):

    <p>Occurs when frontal lobe moves down into the foramen magnum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Transtentorial brain herniation (temporal conus)

    <p>Is manifested by loss of the consciousness and ipsilateral mydriasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Temporal (uncal, transtentorial) herniation manifests with:

    <p>Anisocoria: mydriasis of ipsilateral pupil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Intracranial hypertension syndrome is associated with:

    <p>Headache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause intracranial hypertension syndrome?

    <p>Brain abscess and brain tumour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Select the correct answer:

    <p>Meningeal syndrome can be present in patients with subarachnoidal bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A lesion of half of the spinal cord (right or left) at the level of the spinal cord segment C3, is manifested by:

    <p>Spastic hemiparesis ipsilaterally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bilateral pyramid tract lesion in C3 level of spinal cord presents with:

    <p>Spastic quadruparesis/quadruplegia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Half spinal cord lesion in C3 presents with:

    <p>Ipsilateral spastic hemiparesis and respiratory problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A lesion of half of the spinal cord (right or left) at the Th8 spinal cord segment is manifested by:

    <p>Sensitivity disturbance below the lesion site ipsilaterally for superficial and less also for deep sensitivity and LL monoparesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A complete transversal spinal cord lesion at the level of the C2-3 segment is manifested by:

    <p>Flaccid quadruparesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bulbar syndrome manifests with:

    <p>Dysarthria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Half spinal cord lesion (right or left) at the level of the C5 spinal cord segment is manifested by:

    <p>Ipsilateral hemiparesis, flaccid or mixed in UL, spastic in LL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In case of complete transversal spinal cord lesion in level C5 which of following CANNOT be present:

    <p>Quadriparesis - flaccid of mixed on upper limbs, spastic on lower limb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Regarding C5 radiculopathy, which of the following statements is correct?

    <p>Pain is localized to the lateral aspect of arm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A complete transversal spinal cord lesion at the level of Th10 segment is manifested by:

    <p>Disorder of sphincter control disorder of superficial sensitivity below the lesion on both sides and paraparesis of LL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the case of half spinal cord (right or left) lesions in Th10 level, which of the following is not present?

    <p>Superficial ipsilateral sensation deficit below the lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Transversal completa spinal cord lesion at the level of L3 segment does NOT present:

    <p>Spastic paraparesis of lower limbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is not used for diagnosis of:

    <p>Source of epidural bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the case of half spinal cord lesion in level of L2 segment, which of following is correct?

    <p>Ipsilateral flaccid monoparesis of lower limb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statement is not true (DSA- digital subtraction angiography)?

    <p>In DSA, commonly through femoral a., diagnostic catheter is inserted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Digital substracción angiography (DSA) is:

    <p>Invasive diagnostic method of brain arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which finding does not belong to ictal/interictal epileptic abnormality?

    <p>Generalized discharges of spike-wave complexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The EMG (electromyography) method, called STEMG (repetitive nerve stimulation EMG), is used in a case of suspected:

    <p>Myasthenic syndrome - there is pathological decrement of the action potential amplitudes in the repeated muscle response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Evoked potentials: BAEP (Brainstem auditory EP) - the most common pathological findings are:

    <p>Complete absence of some evoked response (wave), or prolonged latency of wave I., III. or V.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark correct answer

    <p>CSF flows from the third ventricle through cerebral aqueduct into th fourth ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Select the correct answer:

    <p>Lymphocytic pleocytosis is present predominantly in patients with viral meningitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Brain MRI is essential in diagnosis of or Brain MRI is the first choice for:

    <p>Multiple sclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the correct statement regarding Doppler effect:

    <p>If the blood moves towards the probe, the frequency of the reflected wave decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Select the incorrect statement regarding Doppler effect:

    <p>If the blood moves away from the probe, the frequency of the reflected wave decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Brain CT is NOT a method of choice in:

    <p>Multiple sclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What density has an acute intracerebral bleeding on CT?

    <p>Hyperdense, comparing to brain tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a typical feature of palleocerebellar syndrome?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is typical for a neocerebellar disorder?

    <p>Limb hypermetria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cerebellar disorder manifests:

    <p>At ipsilateral side of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does not belong to the cerebellar symptoms?

    <p>Paresis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Archicerebellum includes the

    <p>Flocculonodular lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Willis circle is formed by:

    <p>Anterior communicating artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the correct statement:

    <p>Anterior communicating artery connects both anterior cerebral arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark correct statement

    <p>Primary motor cortex is localized in precentral gyrus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Syringomyelic dissociation of sensitivity occurs within:

    <p>Lesion to spinothalamic tract in the area of central spinal canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Syringomyelic dissociation of sensitivity is manifested by:

    <p>Lesion of pain and thermic sensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Syringomyelic sensation deficit occurs when lesion is located in:

    <p>Anterior half of spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In case of brainstem lesion, which of the following statement is NOT true regarding...?

    <p>when lesion is located in upper part of brainstem superficial and contralateral half of face</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true for fluctuation in Parkinson's disease?

    <p>They typically occur and worsen over the course of the disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anterior spinal artery syndrome is not manifested by:

    <p>Lesion of dorsal column pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Symptoms of thalamic syndrome consists of:

    <p>Hemianosmia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark correct statement about parkinsonian tremor:

    <p>it absents in approx. 30% of patients with Parkinson's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tremor is characteristic for Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Resting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark incorrect statement of Parkinson's disease:

    <p>Dyskinesia is present in under-dosed patients - complex association bounds to LT side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Select incorrect statement about spasticity:

    <p>Botulinum toxin is used in the treatment of spasticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Select the correct statement about rigidity:

    <p>It worsens by the movement of contralateral limb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true for Essential tremor?

    <p>It is associated with action (postural and kinetic) tremor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true for Essential tremor?

    <p>Many patients have positive family history of tremor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about meningeal syndrome is correct?

    <p>Nuchal rigidity/neck stiffness is a part of the clinical picture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Myoclonus may originate:

    <p>Its origin can be cortical subcortical, or spinal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hyperkinetic movements is characterized as a complex patterned movement/posture?

    <p>Dystonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Genetic origin of movement disorders should be considered especially if:

    <p>Symptoms start in early childhood, adolescence or early adulthood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Uncinate crisis is present in lesion of:

    <p>Temporal lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the correct statement: vestibular nerve and cochlear nerve (n.VIII)-.

    <p>They emerge from the pyramid bone through the meatus acusticus externus at the ponto-cerebellar angle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark correct statement : vestibular nerve and cochlear nerve (VII):

    <p>Both nerves came out of the pyramid bone through the meatus acusticus externus and they enter the brain stem in the ponto-celebellar angle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vestibular ataxia - when testing a patient's posture (Rhomberg):

    <p>The ataxia worsens when the eyes are closed, the Romberg test is positive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vestibular ataxia - when testing a patients posture (Romberg):

    <p>Ataxia worsens when closing eyes, Romberg's sign is positive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nystagmus is defined as:

    <p>Rapidly repetitive, rhythmic movement of the eyes, or twitch of the eyeballs which occurs in lesions of the vestibular nerve, or vestibular pathways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    XI. cranial nerve innervates:

    <p>Neck's muscles (m. sternocleidomastoideus, m. trapezius)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nuclear and/or infra nuclear lesion of the cranial nerves IX, X, XII manifest as:

    <p>Bulbar paralysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Structural abnormality in the case of bulbar palsy is localised:

    <p>Cranial nerves IX - XII's nuclei localized in the bulbar brainstem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Typical features of the bulbar palsy are:

    <p>Dysarthria, dysphagia, tongue atrophy and faciculations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tetraparesis/tetraplegia means the weakness of:

    <p>All 4 limbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Central palsy is characterized by:

    <p>Muscle's hypertonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Central palsy is characterized by:

    <p>Babinski sign</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In case of superior alternating hemiplegia a lesion of which cranial nerve is present:

    <p>CN III</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Middle alternating hemiplegia is characterized by:

    <p>Ipsilateral peripheral n. VII lesion and contralateral hemiparesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Millard-Gubler syndrome is also called:

    <p>Middle alternating hemiplegia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Select the correct answer:

    <p>CSF obstruction can lead to hydrocephalus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What diagnoses are not causes of intracranial hypertension syndrome?

    <p>Atrophy of hippocampal area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    CSF examination in patients with:

    <p>Guillain-Barré syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Select the correct answer about proteins-cytology:

    <p>Proteino-cytological association is present in patients with bacterial CNS infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Select the correct statement regarding brain CT:

    <p>Is used primarily for diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about cerebellum is true?

    <p>It has a strictly motor function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dyssynergy means:

    <p>Problem with coordination between muscle groups in a more complex movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a typical feature of palleocerebellar syndrome?

    <p>Intentional tremor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Palleocerebellum includes the:

    <p>Vermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Right cerebellar hemisphere lesions will be primary related to:

    <p>Ataxia on ipsilateral limbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the correct statement:

    <p>Hemisection of spinal cord is manifested by ipsilateral motor paralysis and contralateral loss of proprioception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Select the correct statement:

    <p>Lesion to dorsal column leads to spinal ataxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bradykinesia is typical sign of:

    <p>Parkinson's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Every child with dystonia and diurnal fluctuations (better in the morning and worse in the evening) should try a trial with:

    <p>Levodopa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tics may be differentiated from the hyperkinetic movement by the following statement:

    <p>They may partially voluntarily suppressible, are preceded by inner urge and followed by relief on inner tension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In lesion of left n. II:

    <p>On the left side is not present direct FR and on the right side is not present consensual FR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the correct statement - Axial reflexes:

    <p>Pathological are sucking reflex, nasolabial and mentolabial reflexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Axial reflexes - mark correct statement:

    <p>Nasopalpepbral reflex is physiological, nasolabial, mentolabial and sucking reflexes are pathological</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The nuclei of the cranial nerves IX.,X.,XI. XII. are located in:

    <p>Medulla oblongata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Signs of middle alternating hemiparesis (Millard-Gubler's syndrome) include:

    <p>Peripheral palsy of n. VII</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Axon of the lower motor neuron terminates at the:

    <p>Striated muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Inferior alternating hemiplegia is characterized by:

    <p>Ipsilateral lesion of hypoglossal nerve and ipsilateral hemiparesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In parietal lobe syndrome of non-dominant hemisphere is not present:

    <p>Speech problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the clinical features of meningeal syndrome?

    <p>Neck opposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not a clinical feature of meningeal syndrome?

    <p>Hanzal's sign</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Subacute onset of movement disorder is characteristic for the following etiology:

    <p>Autoimmune and paraneoplastic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alexia:

    <p>Is unability to understand to written test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is hyposmia?

    <p>Low sense of smell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    CT angiography contraindications:

    <p>heart failure, heart valve problems, and chronic kidney disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do cerebellar lesions manifest?

    <p>Ipsilaterally to the lesion site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a lower motoneuron lesion produce?

    <p>Muscle atrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In MRI-angiography of brain vessels:

    <p>It is possible to visualize brain arteries, without using contrast medium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Electromyography nerve conduction studies (NCS) are used to measure action potentials:

    <p>After stimulation of peripheral nerve, recording is over the nerve or muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In evaluation of the brainstem reactivity in coma patient we do not use:

    <p>Babinski sign</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chipault rule. If patient has a sensation deficit in Th4, lesion is located in the level of:

    <p>Th2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vestibular nerve lesion presents with:

    <p>Nausea, vomit, vertigo, nystagmus and vestibular ataxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Short steps and decreased arm swing during the gait is typical for:

    <p>Parkinsonism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nerve VII consists of mixed fibers

    <p>Sensory (taste), vegetative (slinenie, sizenie), motor and sensitive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In lesion of right n. III:

    <p>On the right side is not present direct FR and on the left side is present...</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hypoglossal nerve palsy on the right side manifests as:

    <p>Hypertrophy of the right half of the tongue, while protruded the apex turns to the right</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of following findings is present in inferior alternating hemiplegia?

    <p>Protruded tongue is deviated to ipsilateral side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Transversal complete spinal cord lesion in the segments C1-C4 is associated with:

    <p>Central paresis of lower limbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Transversal complete spinal cord lesion on the level Th12 manifests with:

    <p>Flaccid paraparesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Spastic paraparesis could come from:

    <p>Parasagittal growing tumour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark correct answer:

    <p>Paresis can be the clinical manifestation of upper and lower motoneuron lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For detection of amyloid angiopathy we use:

    <p>Brain MRI with gradient echo sequence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which imagine technique will show acute ischemic stroke:

    <p>MRI-DWI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most virulent cause of meningitis?

    <p>S. Pneumoniae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Classic symptoms of meningitis usually include:

    <p>Fever, headache, stiff neck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What of the following symptoms of Parkinson's disease is often resistant to levodopa treatment?

    <p>Postural instability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vertebro-basilar stroke is not manifested by:

    <p>Aphasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Diplopia, nasal deviation of the left eyebulb looking straight ahead are caused by:

    <p>Abducent palsy on the left side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Devic's disease. Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is:

    <p>A demyelinating disease manifesting with optic neuritis and myelitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark correct statement for neurinoma (Schwannoma):

    <p>Commonly occurs in vestibular part of n. VIII</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is typical for multiple system atrophy?

    <p>Autonomic dysfunction (e.g. orthostatic hypotension)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark the most specific (clinical) symptom of prodromal Parkinson's disease:

    <p>REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Right side hemianopsia is present in lesion of:

    <p>Left optic tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Category of primary headaches does not include:

    <p>Paroxysmal hemicrania</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Spectrophotometric analysis of cerebrospinal fluid is for:

    <p>Xanthochromia and subarachnoid hemorrhage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark correct answer:

    <p>MRI has 3 main weight sequences : T1 T2 FLAIR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Plain x-ray of the spinal column is indicated:

    <p>In the present, it is not used frequently</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For maintenance of stability normal function of the following is not required:

    <p>V. cranial nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Positive Chvostek's sign means that the patient has:

    <p>Tetania - tetania syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Clinical picture of pseudobulbar palsy shows:

    <p>Dysartria, dysphagia, increased masseter reflex, positive pathological axial reflexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dysarthria and dysphagia are present within the following syndromas:

    <p>Pseudobulbar palsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Brocca center is in:

    <p>Left frontal lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    CT angiography- which of following statement is true:

    <p>It's a minimally invasive examination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Drunk man" (ataxia) gait with broadened basis typical for:

    <p>cerebellar lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    MRI angiography

    <p>it is an imagining method without radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following do not suggest brain structural abnormality in the origin of coma?

    <p>Drop of the mouth angle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pathway for temperature sensation:

    <p>Crosses in front of central canal in comissura anterior alba</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Afferent pathways of deep sensation enter:

    <p>Into dorsal spinal columns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mark incorrect statement for chorea:

    <p>It has constant, stereotypic pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    EEG cannot be used for differeciation of:

    <p>Headache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hyperkinetic movement disorder is:

    <p>Dystonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The evoked potential (EP) test is based on:

    <p>Registration of impulse propagation along the nerve pathway, it is the response of the nerve structures to a precisely defined stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

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