Neuro 1 - credit test

<p>Not recommended in patients with ischemic stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a diagnostic and therapeutic method</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Does not use radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>For more detailed blood vessel visualization, gadolinium may be used</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patients with implanted steel material</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spike-wave complexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the case of a demyelinating-axonal lesion, a slowing down of the conduction velocity of a given part of nerve and a normal amplitude of the action potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the case of an axonal lesion, we find the normal conduction velocity of a given part of the nerve and a decrease in the amplitude of the action potential of the responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the case of a demyelinating lesion of the peripheral nerve, a slowing down of the conduction velocity of a given part of the nerve and a normal amplitude of the action potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypereflexia of tendon reflexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eye-opening, verbal, motor responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Are used to measure action potentials abnormalities after stimulation of peripheral nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In muscle or spinal cord, spinal root, plexus, and peripheral nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>We insert a needle into the muscle and then observe observe spontaneous muscle activity, in the next step voluntary activity (muscle contraction)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Needle is inserted into the particular muscle and spontaneous resting and voluntary activity of supplied muscle is observed</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It means a myasthenic syndrome with a decrement of the amplitude of action potentials</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A myopathic pattern as shortening the duration of the action potential of motor units and decreasing the amplitude of the response</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Myopathic pattern means reduced duration of motor unit's action potentials and decreased amplitude of a motor response</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Denervation potentials called fibrillation or fasciculations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spinal cord lesion can be manifested by contralateral hemiparesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Detection of conduction disturbances in the auditory tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The detection of auditory (hearing) pathway disorders - in brainstem</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The function of the sensitive pathway on its part of the peripheral nerve, spinal roots, spinal cord, brainstem and cerebral cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Median nerve and tibial posterior nerve stimulation is the most often used in practice SEP evaluation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Of sensitivity pathway ranging from the peripheral nerve, spinal roots, spinal dorsal columns, brainstem, thalamus, and cerebral parietal cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Registration of the nerve impulse propagation along a certain neural path, it is a response of nerve to a precisely defined stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physiological finding after eye stimulation is a complex of three waves N-P-N, of which the most important is the latency of the wave P100</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Detection of disorders of the optic pathway, especially part of the optic nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Detection of anterior and posterior visual pathway disorder. Mainly in optic nerve disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stimulating the eye uses a structured trigger</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Can be present in patients with meningoencephalitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Autoimmune encephalitis, meningeal carcinomatosis. multiple sclerosis, myelitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multiple sclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It detects the presence of blood in cerebrospinal fluid (SAH - Subarachnoid Hemorrhage)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is more sensitive than CT, in depicting bone tissue pathology</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CSF examination is indicated in patients with suspicion of demyelinating disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is more sensitive in depicting soft tissue pathology, in comparison with CT</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Brain MRI of patients with multiple sclerosis shows T2/FLAIR hyper intense lesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Brain MRI of patients with multiple sclerosis shows T1 hyper intense lesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physiotherapy might help</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Displays demyelinating lesions in multiple sclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In T2 imaging visualizes hyper intense demyelinating lesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke (1st multiple sclerosis)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CSF is displayed as hyperintense on T2-weighted MR image</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is not used for diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can depict structures under the probe based on reflected ultrasound waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They divert from subclavian artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The examination is carried out through the so-called acoustic bone windows</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Control exam of patients after carotid artery stoning or carotid endarterectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patient with hemorrhagic stroke (Bain hemorrhage)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ultrasound has no contraindications</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>No significant contraindications</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Usage of B-mode and Doppler mode for display (of blood vessels)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It uses B mode and Doppler mode for display of blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cerebrovascular diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of a soft atherosclerotic plaque in the cervical part of internal carotid artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rapid eye movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muscle atonia, saw tooth waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sleeping (slow wave, deep-delta sleep)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyperdense biconvex lens-like shape lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In acute stage, brain ischemia is hyperdense</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Problem with rapid alternating movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rigidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gait with narrow basis and decreased armswing</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trunk assynergy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Backwards</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Problem with aiming</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cerebellar hemispheres</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Standing and walking</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The internal carotid artery divides into the middle cerebral artery and anterior cerebral artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a direct branch of aortic arch on the left side</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Right common carotid artery diverges directly from brachiocephalic trunk</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pathway for temperature (lateral spinothalamic tract)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Can appear in lesions of both the central and peripheral nervous systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anticonvulsant and antidepressant have fine effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Subarachnoidal bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lession of posterior columns</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dysesthesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Slowness of movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bradykinesia in combination with rigidity and/or resting tremor</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Resting tremor</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Resting</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rigidity worsens with co-activation of contralateral limbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Depends on velocity of a passive movement of a limb</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deficit of both sensation modalities on contralateral half of body and homolateral half of the face</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>None of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Myoclonus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parkinsonism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An involuntary unpredictable complex hyperkinetic movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Complex involuntary, often twisting movements that do not have a typical pattern and are unpredictable movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Late adulthood - median age</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Huntington's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Freezing of gait is often not very responsive to dopaminergic medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Essential tremor</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bradykinesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cerebellar dysfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>On the left side is not present direct FR and on the right side is not present consensual FR</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>On the right side is not present direct FR and on the left side is present consensual FR</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Absence of direct pupillary light reaction on the left eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Indirect light reflex</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Audiometric examination</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hearing deficit - from hypoacusis to anacusis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Central type of facial nerve (n. VII) lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The patient has tonic deviations of the limbs on the side of the affected vestibular apparatus, it is also called &quot;vestibular harmonic syndrome&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conducts information from receptors in the labyrinth</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Leads informations from receptoric organ (labyrinth)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inability to close the eye, raise eyebrows and wrinkle the forehead on the side of the lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inability to wrinkle the forehead, raise the eyebrows and close the eye, there is a drop of mouth angle and the perception of taste may also be reduced</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Taste ipsilaterally, anterior two thirds of the tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ipsilateral anterior two thirds of a tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensory for taste, vegetative (salivation, tearing), motor innervating face and sensitive</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nausea, vomiting, vertigo, nystagmus and vestibular ataxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypotrohpy and paralysis of the left half of the tongue, tip of tongue deviates to left side</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In medulla oblongata</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It carries the parasympathetic fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fasciculations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyporeflexia/areflexia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a partial loss of a muscle's strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Precentral gyrus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lower limbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Right/left limbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deep brain stimulation is therapy of a choice</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protruded tongue deviating to ipsilateral side of the lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flaccid hemiparesis on the limbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>nIII</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>n III</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>n VI</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It does not occur with any syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Superior alternating hemiplegia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Jackson II syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protruded tongue is deviated to ipsilateral side</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protruded tongue is deviated to contralateral side</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Midbrain</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ipsilateral nerve III. palsy and contralateral hemiparesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Occurs when frontal lobe moves down into the foramen magnum</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Is manifested by loss of the consciousness and ipsilateral mydriasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anisocoria: mydriasis of ipsilateral pupil</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Headache</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Brain abscess and brain tumour</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Meningeal syndrome can be present in patients with subarachnoidal bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spastic hemiparesis ipsilaterally</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spastic quadruparesis/quadruplegia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ipsilateral spastic hemiparesis and respiratory problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensitivity disturbance below the lesion site ipsilaterally for superficial and less also for deep sensitivity and LL monoparesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flaccid quadruparesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dysarthria</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ipsilateral hemiparesis, flaccid or mixed in UL, spastic in LL</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Quadriparesis - flaccid of mixed on upper limbs, spastic on lower limb</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pain is localized to the lateral aspect of arm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disorder of sphincter control disorder of superficial sensitivity below the lesion on both sides and paraparesis of LL</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Superficial ipsilateral sensation deficit below the lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spastic paraparesis of lower limbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Source of epidural bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ipsilateral flaccid monoparesis of lower limb</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In DSA, commonly through femoral a., diagnostic catheter is inserted</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Invasive diagnostic method of brain arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Generalized discharges of spike-wave complexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Myasthenic syndrome - there is pathological decrement of the action potential amplitudes in the repeated muscle response</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Complete absence of some evoked response (wave), or prolonged latency of wave I., III. or V.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CSF flows from the third ventricle through cerebral aqueduct into th fourth ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lymphocytic pleocytosis is present predominantly in patients with viral meningitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multiple sclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If the blood moves towards the probe, the frequency of the reflected wave decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If the blood moves away from the probe, the frequency of the reflected wave decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multiple sclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyperdense, comparing to brain tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Limb hypermetria</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>At ipsilateral side of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Paresis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flocculonodular lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anterior communicating artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anterior communicating artery connects both anterior cerebral arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primary motor cortex is localized in precentral gyrus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lesion to spinothalamic tract in the area of central spinal canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lesion of pain and thermic sensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anterior half of spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>when lesion is located in upper part of brainstem superficial and contralateral half of face</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They typically occur and worsen over the course of the disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lesion of dorsal column pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hemianosmia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>it absents in approx. 30% of patients with Parkinson's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Resting</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dyskinesia is present in under-dosed patients - complex association bounds to LT side</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Botulinum toxin is used in the treatment of spasticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It worsens by the movement of contralateral limb</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is associated with action (postural and kinetic) tremor</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Many patients have positive family history of tremor</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nuchal rigidity/neck stiffness is a part of the clinical picture</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Its origin can be cortical subcortical, or spinal</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dystonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Symptoms start in early childhood, adolescence or early adulthood</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Temporal lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They emerge from the pyramid bone through the meatus acusticus externus at the ponto-cerebellar angle</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both nerves came out of the pyramid bone through the meatus acusticus externus and they enter the brain stem in the ponto-celebellar angle</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ataxia worsens when the eyes are closed, the Romberg test is positive</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ataxia worsens when closing eyes, Romberg's sign is positive</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rapidly repetitive, rhythmic movement of the eyes, or twitch of the eyeballs which occurs in lesions of the vestibular nerve, or vestibular pathways</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neck's muscles (m. sternocleidomastoideus, m. trapezius)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bulbar paralysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cranial nerves IX - XII's nuclei localized in the bulbar brainstem</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dysarthria, dysphagia, tongue atrophy and faciculations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All 4 limbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muscle's hypertonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Babinski sign</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CN III</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ipsilateral peripheral n. VII lesion and contralateral hemiparesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Middle alternating hemiplegia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CSF obstruction can lead to hydrocephalus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atrophy of hippocampal area</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Guillain-Barré syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proteino-cytological association is present in patients with bacterial CNS infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Is used primarily for diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It has a strictly motor function</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Problem with coordination between muscle groups in a more complex movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intentional tremor</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ataxia on ipsilateral limbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hemisection of spinal cord is manifested by ipsilateral motor paralysis and contralateral loss of proprioception</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lesion to dorsal column leads to spinal ataxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parkinson's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Levodopa</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They may partially voluntarily suppressible, are preceded by inner urge and followed by relief on inner tension</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>On the left side is not present direct FR and on the right side is not present consensual FR</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pathological are sucking reflex, nasolabial and mentolabial reflexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nasopalpepbral reflex is physiological, nasolabial, mentolabial and sucking reflexes are pathological</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Medulla oblongata</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peripheral palsy of n. VII</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Striated muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ipsilateral lesion of hypoglossal nerve and ipsilateral hemiparesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Speech problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neck opposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hanzal's sign</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Autoimmune and paraneoplastic</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Is unability to understand to written test</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low sense of smell</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>heart failure, heart valve problems, and chronic kidney disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ipsilaterally to the lesion site</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muscle atrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is possible to visualize brain arteries, without using contrast medium</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>After stimulation of peripheral nerve, recording is over the nerve or muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Babinski sign</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Th2</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nausea, vomit, vertigo, nystagmus and vestibular ataxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parkinsonism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensory (taste), vegetative (slinenie, sizenie), motor and sensitive</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>On the right side is not present direct FR and on the left side is present...</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypertrophy of the right half of the tongue, while protruded the apex turns to the right</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protruded tongue is deviated to ipsilateral side</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Central paresis of lower limbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flaccid paraparesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parasagittal growing tumour</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Paresis can be the clinical manifestation of upper and lower motoneuron lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Brain MRI with gradient echo sequence</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>MRI-DWI</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>S. Pneumoniae</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fever, headache, stiff neck</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Postural instability</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aphasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abducent palsy on the left side</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A demyelinating disease manifesting with optic neuritis and myelitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Commonly occurs in vestibular part of n. VIII</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Autonomic dysfunction (e.g. orthostatic hypotension)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Left optic tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Paroxysmal hemicrania</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Xanthochromia and subarachnoid hemorrhage</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>MRI has 3 main weight sequences : T1 T2 FLAIR</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the present, it is not used frequently</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>V. cranial nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tetania - tetania syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dysartria, dysphagia, increased masseter reflex, positive pathological axial reflexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pseudobulbar palsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Left frontal lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It's a minimally invasive examination</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>cerebellar lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>it is an imagining method without radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Drop of the mouth angle</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Crosses in front of central canal in comissura anterior alba</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Into dorsal spinal columns</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It has constant, stereotypic pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Headache</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dystonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Registration of impulse propagation along the nerve pathway, it is the response of the nerve structures to a precisely defined stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers