Shoulder and Shoulder Girdle Function Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the shoulder?

The shoulder translates force and power across the upper limbs, produces movement through the interaction of the scapula-humeral joint, and is one of the most mobile joints, leading to high dislocation rates.

What is the shoulder girdle?

The shoulder girdle refers to the movement of the scapula.

What is the shoulder joint called?

The glenohumeral joint.

Which of the following joints are involved in the shoulder and shoulder girdle? (Select all that apply)

<p>Glenohumeral joint (A), Sternoclavicular joint (C), Scapulothoracic joints (D), Arcomioclavicular joint (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ligaments are found in the glenohumeral joint?

<p>Glenohumeral ligament (C), Coracohumeral ligament (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structures contribute to the stability of the glenohumeral joint? (Select all that apply)

<p>Ligaments (A), Rotator cuff muscles (B), Glenoid labrum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which movements occur at the glenohumeral joint? (Select all that apply)

<p>Flexion (A), Abduction (C), Extension (E), Horizontal abduction (F), Internal rotation (G), Hyperextension (H), External rotation (I), Horizontal adduction (J), Adduction (K)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles are involved in the glenohumeral joint? (Select all that apply)

<p>Rotator cuff muscles (B), Latissimus dorsi (C), Deltoids (D), Pectoralis major (E), Teres major (F)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these muscles belong to the rotator cuff?

<p>Teres minor (A), Infraspinatus (B), Supraspinatus (E), Subscapularis (F)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bones does the scapula interact with?

<p>Manubrium (of the sternum) (A), Clavicle (B), Humerus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which movements occur at the shoulder girdle? (Select all that apply)

<p>Adduction (retraction) (A), Elevation (C), Abduction (protraction) (D), Upward rotation (E), Depression (F), Downward rotation (G)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles are involved in the movements of the shoulder girdle? (Select all that apply)

<p>Pectoralis minor (B), Levator scapulae (C), Serratus anterior (D), Rhomboids (E), Trapezius (F)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a rotator cuff impingement?

<p>Inflammation of the supraspinatus tendon due to compression in the subacromial space.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a shoulder dislocation?

<p>Dislocation of the humeral head, usually in an anterior direction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is shoulder dislocation more likely to occur anteriorly?

<p>Shoulder dislocations are most likely to occur when the shoulder is abducted and externally rotated. This position weakens the front of the shoulder, making it more susceptible to dislocation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Why is the shoulder so mobile?

The shoulder is a complex joint that allows for a wide range of movements, making it vulnerable to injury.

What is the glenohumeral joint?

The shoulder joint is formed by the articulation of the humerus with the scapula.

What is the shoulder girdle?

The shoulder girdle refers to the movements of the scapula, which in turn allows for greater range of motion at the glenohumeral joint.

What stabilizes the shoulder joint?

The shoulder joint is stabilized by ligaments and muscles, including the rotator cuff muscles.

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What are the primary ligaments of the shoulder?

The glenohumeral joint is composed of three ligaments on the anterior side of the shoulder and one superior ligament called the coracohumeral ligament.

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What are the rotator cuff muscles?

The rotator cuff muscles are a group of four powerful muscles that surround the shoulder joint, providing stability and allowing for a wide range of movements.

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What is the role of the glenoid labrum?

The glenoid labrum is a ring of cartilage that deepens the socket of the shoulder joint, providing additional stability.

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What movements occur at the shoulder joint?

The shoulder can move in multiple directions, including external and internal rotation, flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, and horizontal abduction and adduction.

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Name the four rotator cuff muscles.

The four rotator cuff muscles are: supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis.

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What are the muscles involved in shoulder movement?

The muscles responsible for shoulder movements include the rotator cuff muscles, as well as the pectoralis major, deltoids, latissimus dorsi, and teres major.

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Which bones does the scapula interact with?

The scapula interacts with the humerus (upper arm bone) and the manubrium (top part of the sternum).

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What movements occur at the shoulder girdle?

The shoulder girdle allows for movements like elevation, depression, abduction (protraction), adduction (retraction), downward rotation, and upward rotation.

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What muscles are involved in shoulder girdle movements?

Muscles involved in shoulder girdle movements include the trapezius, rhomboids, levator scapulae, serratus anterior, and pectoralis minor.

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What is rotator cuff impingement?

A rotator cuff impingement occurs when the supraspinatus tendon is inflamed, usually due to compression in the subacromial space.

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What is shoulder dislocation?

Shoulder dislocation happens when the humeral head (upper arm bone) dislocates from the glenoid fossa (shoulder socket).

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Why is anterior shoulder dislocation most common?

Shoulder dislocation is more common in an anterior direction, likely occurring when the shoulder is abducted and externally rotated.

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What is the relationship between the scapula and humerus?

The interaction of the scapula and humerus creates a wide range of movement at the shoulder.

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What are the sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints?

The sternoclavicular joint connects the clavicle to the sternum, while the acromioclavicular joint connects the clavicle to the scapula.

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What is the scapulothoracic joint?

The scapulothoracic joint is not a true joint, but a functional unit where the scapula glides against the thoracic wall.

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What is the function of the supraspinatus muscle?

The supraspinatus muscle is responsible for abduction of the arm, meaning lifting the arm away from the body.

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What is the function of the infraspinatus and teres minor muscles?

The infraspinatus and teres minor muscles are involved in external rotation of the arm, which means turning the arm outward.

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What is the function of the subscapularis muscle?

The subscapularis muscle is responsible for internal rotation of the arm, which means turning the arm inward.

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What is the function of the trapezius muscle?

The trapezius muscle is a large, triangular muscle that helps with elevation, depression, and rotation of the scapula.

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What is the function of the rhomboid muscles?

The rhomboid muscles, located between the scapula and the spine, help adduct and rotate the scapula downward.

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What is the function of the levator scapulae muscle?

The levator scapulae muscle helps elevate the scapula, allowing for movement of the shoulder upwards.

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What is the function of the serratus anterior muscle?

The serratus anterior muscle, located on the side of the rib cage, helps to protract the scapula, meaning to move it forward.

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What is the function of the pectoralis minor muscle?

The pectoralis minor muscle, located underneath the pectoralis major, helps to depress and protract the scapula.

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Study Notes

Shoulder and Shoulder Girdle Function

  • The shoulder complex, involving the scapula-humeral joint, is a highly mobile joint responsible for translating force across the upper limb.
  • This mobility makes it prone to dislocation.

Shoulder Girdle Definition

  • The shoulder girdle encompasses the movements of the scapula.

Shoulder Definition

  • The shoulder refers to the glenohumeral joint.

Joints of the Shoulder and Shoulder Girdle

  • Glenohumeral joint
  • Sternoclavicular joint
  • Acromioclavicular joint
  • Glenohumeral joint (repeated, likely a typo)
  • Scapulothoracic joint

Ligaments of the Glenohumeral Joint

  • Glenohumeral ligaments (3, anterior)
  • Coracohumeral ligament (superior)

Glenohumeral Joint Stability

  • Glenoid labrum (fibrous tissue around the glenoid fossa)
  • Rotator cuff muscles

Glenohumeral Joint Movements

  • External rotation
  • Internal rotation
  • Flexion
  • Extension
  • Hyperextension
  • Abduction
  • Adduction
  • Horizontal abduction
  • Horizontal adduction

Muscles of the Glenohumeral Joint

  • Rotator cuff muscles
  • Pectoralis major
  • Deltoids
  • Latissimus dorsi
  • Teres major

Rotator Cuff Muscles

  • Supraspinatus
  • Infraspinatus
  • Teres minor
  • Subscapularis (anterior)

Scapula Interactions

  • Scapula interacts with the humerus, manubrium, and clavicle.

Shoulder Girdle Movements

  • Elevation
  • Depression
  • Abduction (protraction)
  • Adduction (retraction)
  • Downward rotation
  • Upward rotation

Shoulder Girdle Muscles

  • Trapezius
  • Rhomboids
  • Levator scapulae
  • Serratus anterior
  • Pectoralis minor

Rotator Cuff Impingement

  • Inflammation of the supraspinatus tendon
  • Compressing the subacromial space

Shoulder Dislocation

  • Humeral head dislocation
  • Typically occurs anteriorly.

Anterior Shoulder Dislocation Predisposition

  • Most likely when the shoulder is abducted and externally rotated.
  • This position makes the shoulder vulnerable due to the lack of anterior protective musculature.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the anatomy and functions of the shoulder complex. This quiz covers the joints, ligaments, and movements associated with the shoulder and shoulder girdle. Perfect for anatomy students and health professionals alike.

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