Questions and Answers
What is the function of the phonological loop in Baddeley's Working Memory model?
Temporary storage of auditory information
What is the phonological similarity effect in the context of working memory?
Memory is worse for items that sound alike than items that sound different
What evidence supports the existence of the phonological loop in working memory?
Phonological similarity effect and word length effect
What is the word length effect in the context of working memory?
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What is the main function of the central executive in Baddeley's Working Memory model?
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Study Notes
Short-Term Memory Processes
- Short-term memory capacity is limited to 4 integrated objects or 4 single-feature objects.
- According to Luck & Vogel (1997), 4 integrated objects of 4 features each can be bound together in short-term memory.
- Change detection is a key concept in understanding short-term memory capacity.
Duration/Forgetting
- The duration of short-term memory, without active attention or rehearsal, is approximately 15-20 seconds.
- Brown (1958) and Peterson & Peterson (1958) demonstrated this through the Brown-Peterson paradigm.
- Peterson & Peterson (1958) found that:
- 80% of trigrams were recalled after 3 seconds.
- Only 7% of trigrams were recalled after 18 seconds.
- Without rehearsal, trigrams decay from short-term memory, leading to a decrease in accuracy.
Short-Term Memory Summary
- The capacity of short-term memory is very limited.
- Chunking can help improve short-term memory capacity.
- The duration of short-term memory is very short, approximately 15-20 seconds.
- Short-term memory decays after approximately 20 seconds without rehearsal.
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