Short-Term Memory: Characteristics and Models
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of short-term memory (STM), and what is its capacity?

The primary function of STM is to temporarily hold and manipulate information for cognitive tasks, and it has a limited capacity of 7 ± 2 chunks of information.

What are the two primary characteristics of information in short-term memory?

Information in STM is readily accessible but easily forgotten unless rehearsed or consolidated into long-term memory, and it has a limited capacity.

Distinguish between sensory memory and working memory, two subsets of short-term memory.

Sensory memory is a brief storage of sensory information in sensory buffers, whereas working memory involves the manipulation and processing of information.

Compare and contrast the Atkinson-Shiffrin Model and the Levels of Processing Model of short-term memory.

<p>The Atkinson-Shiffrin Model proposes that information enters STM and can be transferred to long-term memory through rehearsal, whereas the Levels of Processing Model suggests that information is processed in STM based on its meaning, leading to better retention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does attention affect short-term memory performance, and what are the implications?

<p>Focused attention can improve STM performance, while divided attention can impair it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Discuss the effects of aging on short-term memory capacity and duration.

<p>Aging declines STM capacity and duration, leading to reduced cognitive performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the implications of individual differences in short-term memory capacity?

<p>Individual differences in STM capacity can significantly affect cognitive performance and learning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how chunking can improve short-term memory capacity.

<p>Chunking involves organizing information into smaller groups, which can improve STM capacity by reducing cognitive overload.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does rehearsal play in the consolidation of information from short-term to long-term memory?

<p>Rehearsal is essential for consolidating information from STM to long-term memory, ensuring long-term retention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Definition and Function

  • Short-term memory (STM) is a volatile memory system that temporarily holds and manipulates information for cognitive tasks.
  • STM is a limited-capacity system that can hold 7 ± 2 chunks of information for a short period ( seconds to minutes).

Characteristics

  • Information in STM is readily accessible but easily forgotten unless rehearsed or consolidated into long-term memory.
  • STM has a limited capacity, which can be improved through chunking (organizing information into smaller groups).
  • Information in STM is temporary and can be displaced by new information.

Types of Short-Term Memory

  • Sensory Memory: brief storage of sensory information in sensory buffers (e.g., visual, auditory).
  • Working Memory: a subset of STM that involves manipulation and processing of information (e.g., mental arithmetic).

Models of Short-Term Memory

  • Atkinson-Shiffrin Model: proposes that information first enters STM and then can be transferred to long-term memory through rehearsal.
  • Levels of Processing Model: suggests that information is processed in STM based on its meaning, leading to better retention.

Factors Affecting Short-Term Memory

  • Attention: focused attention can improve STM performance.
  • Distractions: divided attention can impair STM performance.
  • Aging: STM capacity and duration decline with age.
  • Individual Differences: STM capacity can vary significantly between individuals.

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Description

Understand the concept of Short-Term Memory (STM), its limitations, and its sub-types. Learn about the models and factors that affect STM, including attention, distractions, and individual differences.

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