Sherry Wine Production
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Questions and Answers

What is the meaning of Crianza in the context of wine aging?

  • 1 year aging in oak
  • 3 years aging
  • 5 years aging
  • 2 years aging, usually 1 year in oak (correct)

    • Which region is the heartland of Cava in Spain?

  • Penedes (correct)
  • Rueda
  • Ribera del Duero
  • Galicia

    • What is the grape variety commonly found in the Rueda region of Spain?

  • Albarino
  • Tempranillo
  • Nebbiolo
  • Verdejo (correct)

    • Which Italian region is known for producing Barolo and Barbaresco?

    <p>Piedmont</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic flavor profile of Italian red wines?

    <p>Sweet and sour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main grape variety used in the production of Sherry?

    <p>Palomino</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the albarizo soil in the Sherry region?

    <p>To retain water in the hot climate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which grape variety is commonly used in the production of Valpolicella and Amarone?

    <p>Corvina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is added to the wine after fermentation is complete to fortify it?

    <p>Neutral high alcohol grape spirit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the famous wine estate in Tuscany, Italy?

    <p>Villa di Capezzana</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Italian region is known for producing Prosecco?

    <p>Veneto</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the system used to blend the wines in the Sherry production?

    <p>Solera system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical alcohol level of a Fino Sherry?

    <p>15% alc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the grape variety commonly used in the production of Chianti?

    <p>Sangiovese</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gives Fino and Manzanilla Sherry their distinctive tang?

    <p>Flor yeast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of wine is often referred to as 'Super-Tuscans'?

    <p>Wines made from international grape varieties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are Sherry barrels not filled to the top?

    <p>To facilitate the formation of flor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between Fino and Manzanilla Sherry?

    <p>Region of production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the winemaker at Villa di Capezzana?

    <p>Benedetta Contini Bonacossi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main grape variety used in the 'Left Bank' of Bordeaux?

    <p>Cabernet Sauvignon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the dessert wine produced by Villa di Capezzana?

    <p>Vin Santo di Carmignano</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many units of alcohol are in a 75cl bottle of wine at 12% alc?

    <p>7 units</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the flor in the solera system?

    <p>It is continually being 'fed' with new sherry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the region in France known for its high altitude 'cooler climate' vineyards around the active volcano of Mt Etna?

    <p>Sicily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the grape variety used in the production of white wine in Sardinia?

    <p>Vermentino</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of sherry is best paired with grilled/fried fish?

    <p>Fino</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the classification system used in the 'Right Bank' of Bordeaux?

    <p>St.Emilion classification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical alcohol level of Oloroso sherry?

    <p>Between 17% and 20% alc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of re-fortification to a higher alcohol level in Amontillado sherry?

    <p>The flor dies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the grape variety affected by 'Noble Rot' in Bordeaux?

    <p>Semillon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many chateaux were classified under Grand Cru Classeé in Bordeaux?

    <p>61</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of sherry is made from sun-dried grapes?

    <p>Pedro Ximénez</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ideal serving temperature for Fino and Manzanilla sherry?

    <p>Very well chilled</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended weekly limit of units of alcohol?

    <p>14 units</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Las Cañas vineyard in the context of Bodegas Miguel Sanchez Ayala?

    <p>It is a single origin of their wines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical style of the Gabriela Manzanilla sherry?

    <p>Salty, fresh, and very persistent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main grape variety used in Rioja wine?

    <p>Tempranillo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Joven/Sin Crianza' mean on a Spanish wine bottle?

    <p>Young wine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following sweet wine styles is known for its complex, honey, peach, and apricot flavors?

    <p>Botrytized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the type of rot that affects grapes in the production of sweet wines like Sauternes?

    <p>Botrytis Cinerea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following regions is known for producing sweet red wines?

    <p>South-West France</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of adding alcohol to stop fermentation in the production of Vin Doux Natural?

    <p>To stop the fermentation and leave residual sugar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following sweet wines is made from grapes that are left to dry, concentrating the sweetness?

    <p>Recioto della Amarone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key to balancing the flavors of a dish with the wine pairing?

    <p>Matching the flavor and strength of the dish with the wine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following fish is often paired with red wine?

    <p>Monkfish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of making sweet wine by picking grapes in the middle of winter and pressing them while still frozen?

    <p>Icewine production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following sweet wines is known for being rich and intense?

    <p>Recioto della Amarone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of considering the sauce and cooking method when pairing wine with a dish?

    <p>To determine the type of wine to pair with the dish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which grape variety is often described as 'Ribena for adults'?

    <p>Merlot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region is known for producing wines with a high percentage of Merlot?

    <p>Bordeaux</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the flavor profile of Pinot Noir?

    <p>Seductive, silky, perfumed, raspberry, and strawberry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which grape variety is known for its thick skin and aging potential?

    <p>Tempranillo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which grape variety is commonly found in Rioja and Ribera del Duero?

    <p>Tempranillo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Cabernet Sauvignon?

    <p>Intense, blackcurrant, and full-bodied</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region is an up-and-coming region for Merlot?

    <p>Washington State</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which grape variety is food-friendly and versatile?

    <p>Pinot Noir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which grape variety is often described as a 'red Chardonnay'?

    <p>Merlot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical body of Pinot Noir?

    <p>Light-bodied</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when you pair tannic wine with fish?

    <p>The wine will taste metallic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fish can be paired with red wines and rosés?

    <p>Tuna and Salmon, and 'meaty' fish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you avoid when pairing acidic food with wine?

    <p>Pairing acidic food with tannic red wine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of wine goes well with salty cheese such as Roquefort?

    <p>Sweet wine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you consider when serving sweet wine with sweet food?

    <p>Make sure the wine is sweeter than the food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of wine pairs well with fish dishes?

    <p>White wine with good acidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a good pairing for local food?

    <p>Wine from the same region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of wine is suitable for Chinese dishes?

    <p>Dry fruit Rieslings from New World, Western Australia, or Pinot Noir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of food can clash with wine?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of wine is versatile with many different foods and will appeal to a broad range of palates?

    <p>Alsace Pinot Gris and Italian Pinot Grigio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the technical reason behind the traditional view of pairing red wine with harder cheeses?

    <p>The protein in the cheese softens the tannins in the wine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general rule for pairing wine with cheese?

    <p>Try to match the quality of the wine with the quality of the cheese</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be avoided when pairing wine with salty cheese?

    <p>Big tannic wines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of wine pairs well with high-acidity cheeses?

    <p>Wines with high acidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cheese typically pairs well with a medium-bodied mature red wine?

    <p>Hard cheese</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a classic pairing for Stilton cheese?

    <p>Port</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of wine pairs well with fresh goats' cheese?

    <p>A fresh white with high acidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of wine pairs well with smoked cheese?

    <p>A Gewurztraminer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which grape variety is commonly associated with the production of white wine?

    <p>Chardonnay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which wine style is characterized by being bone-dry and neutral?

    <p>Bone-dry and neutral whites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which part of Bordeaux are famous wine names like Lafite, Latour, Mouton, and Margaux from?

    <p>Bordeaux</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following regions is known for its Syrah/Shiraz grape variety?

    <p>Rhone Valley, France</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic flavor profile of Cabernet Sauvignon from the Old World?

    <p>Cedar, Cigar box, Lead pencils, Minerality, Blackcurrant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical body of Cabernet Sauvignon wines?

    <p>Medium to full-bodied</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following grape varieties is known for its high acidity and firm tannins?

    <p>Sangiovese</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the region in France known for producing Chardonnay wines with subtle oaking?

    <p>Cote de Beaune</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical flavor profile of Syrah/Shiraz from the New World?

    <p>Riper, richer, chocolate, mint, spice, oak flavours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main grape variety used in the production of Chianti?

    <p>Sangiovese</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic flavor profile of Chardonnay wines?

    <p>Apple, tropical fruit, and toasty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical flavor profile of Cabernet Sauvignon from the New World?

    <p>Cassis, Menthol, Mint, Clove, Liquorice, Chocolate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the grape variety that is often blended with Semillon in Bordeaux?

    <p>Sauvignon Blanc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical pairings for Cabernet Sauvignon wines?

    <p>Well flavoured foods, especially red meats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region is known for producing Sauvignon Blanc wines with a fruity and pungent flavor profile?

    <p>Marlborough, New Zealand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical aging potential of Cabernet Sauvignon wines?

    <p>8 to 20+ years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic flavor profile of Riesling wines?

    <p>Floral, crisp, and citrus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic acidity level of Riesling wines?

    <p>High</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region is known for producing Riesling wines with a rich and full-bodied flavor profile?

    <p>Alsace, France</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical food pairing for Chardonnay wines?

    <p>Roast chicken, White meat, and Un-oaked fish dishes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic body of Chardonnay wines?

    <p>Medium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region is known for producing Chardonnay wines with a rich and oaky flavor profile?

    <p>California, USA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Sherry

    • Sherry is a fortified wine from the hot region of Southern Spain.
    • Palomino is the main grape variety, grown on chalky albarizo soil.
    • The grapes are fermented as usual, and then classified into lighter and more robust styles.
    • Sherry is fortified with neutral high-alcohol grape spirit, differentiating it from Port.

    Styles of Sherry

    • Lighter styles: Fino and Manzanilla
      • Fino: pale, dry, and tangy, with a yeasty flavor, typically around 15% alc.
      • Manzanilla: similar to Fino, but with a salty, yeasty tang, from the coastal region of Sanlucar de Barrameda.
    • Darker styles: Oloroso
      • Oloroso: stronger, with higher alcohol levels (17-20% alc.), and a richer, nutty flavor.
      • Amontillado: a combination of Fino and Oloroso, with a dry, dark, and tangy flavor.
      • Palo Cortado: a rare style, with the body of an Oloroso and the bouquet of an Amontillado.

    Serving and Storing Sherry

    • Use a decent-sized wine glass, and serve Fino and Manzanilla well-chilled.
    • For darker styles, serve at a cooler temperature, and pour a smaller amount.
    • Sweet styles: Pedro Ximénez and Moscatel
      • Pedro Ximénez: made from sun-dried grapes, sweet, and treacly, with a figgy flavor.
      • Moscatel: a sweet, fragrant, and aromatic dessert wine.

    Spain

    • A leading wine-producing country, with a great tradition and new wave of exciting wines.
    • Regions:
      • Rioja: leads the way, with the fruit-driven Tempranillo grape variety.
      • Ribera del Duero: known for its red wines, with the Tempranillo grape variety.
      • Rueda: produces white wines, with the local grape Verdejo.
      • Galicia: known for its Albarino grape, producing fresh white wines.

    Italy

    • A traditional wine-growing country, with wine made virtually throughout the country.
    • Regions:
      • Piedmont: produces two of Italy's famous red wines, Barolo and Barbaresco, from the Nebbiolo grape.
      • North-East: produces white wines, such as Pinot Grigio and Soave.
      • Tuscany: home to the famous Chianti wines, made from the Sangiovese grape.
      • Southern Italy: an up-and-coming region, with good value wines.

    Bordeaux

    • An important region, with over 6,000 chateaux, of which only about 100 are well-known names.
    • Grape varieties: Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Petit Verdot, and Malbec.
    • The region is divided into the Left Bank and Right Bank, with the Gironde estuary separating them.
    • Classifications:
      • 1855 classification: still in use, with the most famous wines classified as first growth, second growth, and so on.
      • St. Emilion: has its own classification system, reviewed every 10 years.

    Sweet Wines

    • Made in different ways, and in varying degrees of sweetness.
    • Styles:
      • Sauternes and Barsac: sweet, but with good balancing acidity.
      • Jurancon: richer, with a sweet and honeyed flavor.
      • Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise: rich and sweet.
      • Icewine: made in Canada, Germany, and Austria, with a concentrated sweet juice.

    Food and Wine Matching

    • Match the flavor and strength of the dish with that of the wine.
    • Balance is key, so that one does not overpower the other.
    • Classic matches:
      • Red wine with red meat and game.
      • White wine with fish and white meat.
      • Tannic red wines with red meat.
      • Acidic wines with fish dishes.
      • Sweet wines with sweet food.
      • Local wine and local food generally go well together.### Wine and Food Pairing
    • Artichokes, chilli, and hot spices can clash with wines, leaving a metallic bitter taste or numbing the palate.
    • Aromatic whites and low-tannin fruit reds are versatile and suitable for various food pairings.

    Versatile Wine Styles

    • Whites:
      • Alsace Pinot Gris and Italian Pinot Grigio
      • Chablis (great with most fish, except oily fish)
      • Unoaked or subtly oaked Chardonnay (e.g., White Macon from the south of Burgundy)
      • Spanish Albarino and whites from Rueda
      • Sauvignon Blanc (especially from Sancerre, Pouilly-Fumé, South Africa, and New Zealand)
      • Australian Riesling (dry/off-dry)
    • Rosé:
      • Fruity rosé with good body from Provence
    • Reds:
      • Chilean Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon
      • Cotes du Rhone (a popular French blend)
      • Italian reds (characteristic bitter cherry astringency complements many savory foods)
      • Spanish reds from Rioja, Navarra, and Penedes
      • Beaujolais from one of the crus (e.g., Fleurie, Morgon, Moulin-a-Vent)
      • Pinot Noir (especially New World with its softer tannins)
      • Australian Shiraz (for more robust dishes)

    Wine and Cheese

    • Traditionally, red wine is paired with cheese, but now a broader range of styles and textures are available.
    • Match the quality of the wine with the quality of the cheese.
    • Pairing principles:
      • Like with like (e.g., similar acidity levels)
      • Complete contrast (e.g., salt and sweetness)
      • Balance the strength of the wine with the strength of the cheese
    • Examples of wine and cheese pairings:
      • Goats' cheeses with Sauvignon Blanc
      • Munster cheese with Gewurztraminer
      • Vacherin with Pinot Noir
      • Hard cheeses with full-bodied tannic wines (e.g., Italian reds, Syrah, Cabernet, Merlot)
      • Blue cheeses with sweet wines (e.g., port, Sauternes, Hungarian Tokaji)

    Broad Main Wine Styles

    • Whites:
      • Bone-dry and neutral (e.g., Chablis)
      • Intense and nutty (e.g., top white Burgundy)
      • Ripe and toasty (e.g., New World Chardonnay)
      • Green, 'grassy' tangy (e.g., Sauvignon Blanc)
    • Reds:
      • Juicy, fruity, soft (e.g., Merlot, Beaujolais)
      • Silky, mellow (e.g., Red Burgundy, Pinot Noir)
      • Intense, blackcurrant (e.g., Cabernet Sauvignon)
      • Spicy, warm-hearted (e.g., Syrah, Shiraz)
      • Mouth-watering sweet-sour (e.g., Italian Reds, Chianti, Barolo, Barbaresco)

    Grape Varieties

    • Chardonnay:
      • Homeland: Burgundy
      • Flavours: apple, tropical fruit, melon, creamy, peach, buttery, toasty
      • Food pairing: roast chicken, white meat, simple fish dishes, smoked fish, turkey
    • Sauvignon Blanc:
      • Homeland: Loire Valley
      • Flavours: gooseberries, green beans, tropical fruit, elderflower, passion fruit
      • Food pairing: aperitif, fish, vegetable dishes, simple dishes, lightly spiced dishes
    • Riesling:
      • Homeland: Germany
      • Flavours: floral, crisp, citrus, green apples, honey
      • Food pairing: aperitif, shellfish, pork, ham, lightly spicy dishes
    • Merlot:
      • Homeland: Bordeaux
      • Flavours: blackcurrant, plum, red berry, round, blueberry, blackberry
      • Food pairing: easy to enjoy without food, but also good with meat and vegetable dishes
    • Pinot Noir:
      • Homeland: Burgundy
      • Flavours: seductive, silky, perfumed, raspberry, strawberry, cherry, rose
      • Food pairing: duck, goose, guinea fowl, fish, red meats
    • Tempranillo:
      • Homeland: Spain
      • Flavours: strawberry, tobacco, vanilla, spice
      • Food pairing: roast meats, beef, lamb, casseroles
    • Cabernet Sauvignon:
      • Homeland: Bordeaux
      • Flavours: cedar, cigar box, lead pencils, minerality, blackcurrant
      • Food pairing: red meats, especially those with high fat content
    • Syrah/Shiraz:
      • Homeland: Rhone Valley
      • Flavours: blackberry, black-fruit, spicy, herbal, black pepper
      • Food pairing: well-flavoured and robust dishes, game, strong-flavoured dishes
    • Sangiovese:
      • Homeland: Italy
      • Flavours: plum, cherry, herby, tobacco, forest fruit
      • Food pairing: Italian dishes, lamb, beef, high-fat foods

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    Learn about the production of Sherry wine, including the grape variety, soil, and fermentation process in Southern Spain.

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