Shapiro's Marketing Process & Strategy

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Questions and Answers

In Shapiro's six-part marketing process, which component directly precedes 'Marketing Strategy Formation'?

  • Marketing Planning
  • Implementation
  • Monitoring and Auditing
  • Analysis and Research (correct)

What is the primary purpose of 'Marketing Strategy Formation' in an organization?

  • To execute marketing programs efficiently.
  • To set long-term goals and the basic market approach. (correct)
  • To evaluate results against marketing goals.
  • To manage daily marketing communications.

In the context of marketing strategy, what does Robert Davis's definition of strategy as a 'blueprint by which the firm plans to compete' emphasize?

  • Operational efficiency and cost reduction.
  • The importance of a structured approach to competitive actions. (correct)
  • Understanding customer needs and product development.
  • The need for flexible and adaptable marketing plans.

When considering the '5 Cs' analysis in marketing, why is the 'Customer' placed at the center?

<p>Customer understanding is paramount for all marketing decisions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the 'aspiration decision' in marketing strategy?

<p>Specifying what the company aims to achieve in the market and for whom. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three core components of the 'aspiration decision' framework?

<p>Segmentation, Targeting, Positioning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In marketing strategy, the 'action plan decision' is commonly known as:

<p>The Marketing Mix (4 Ps) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of 'price' within the marketing mix (4 Ps)?

<p>To capture value from the customer and generate revenue. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is 'customer analysis' considered the first 'C' in the 5-Cs framework for marketing strategy?

<p>Understanding the customer is fundamental to effective strategy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In B2B contexts, the 'decision-making unit' (DMU) is typically:

<p>More complex than in B2C contexts, potentially involving multiple roles. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of 'gatekeepers' within a decision-making unit (DMU)?

<p>To control information and access to other DMU members. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A 'core competency' of a company is best described as a skill that:

<p>Is difficult to imitate and makes a significant contribution to customer value. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In 'collaborator analysis', why is it important to consider external assets?

<p>To complement company capabilities and fill resource gaps. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When defining 'competition' in a competitive analysis, what is a 'best practice' approach?

<p>Broadly identifying all alternatives customers consider, including 'not buying'. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'context analysis' in the 5-Cs framework primarily focus on?

<p>Understanding broad external factors that impact marketing strategy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of 'segmentation' in the STP framework?

<p>To divide the market into distinct groups with different needs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'positioning' in the STP framework aiming to achieve?

<p>Creating a clear and desirable perception of the product in the target customer's mind. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a 'demographic' segmentation variable?

<p>Age (e.g., millennials). (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a 'positioning statement'?

<p>To formally articulate the desired product perception for the target customer. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Anderson, Narus, and van Rossum, an effective positioning statement should have a 'resonating focus' on:

<p>One or two key points of difference that deliver superior value. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Neil Borden's concept of the 'marketing mix' was originally intended to describe:

<p>The set of controllable variables a firm can use to influence buyers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Benson Shapiro identified 'three degrees of interaction' within the marketing mix. 'Consistency of mix elements', the minimum standard, implies:

<p>A generally good fit among the marketing mix components. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In product decisions, 'product line breadth' refers to:

<p>The variety and number of different product lines a company offers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A 'good, better, best' strategy is typically related to which product policy decision?

<p>Product line depth. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of 'product testing' in new product development?

<p>To gather customer feedback and refine product design. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the '6 Ms' model for promotion decisions, 'Mission' refers to:

<p>Defining the objective of the communication. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key distinction between one-way and two-way communication vehicles in promotion?

<p>Interaction and feedback possibilities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of 'addressable' or 'customized' communication?

<p>Ability to tailor the message to individual recipient needs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In promotion strategy, a 'pull strategy' primarily focuses on:

<p>Creating direct customer demand for the product. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four major tasks that a firm needs to achieve through distribution channels?

<p>Demand generation, demand fulfillment, after-sales service, and feedback. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'channel design' in place decisions primarily concerned with?

<p>Choosing between direct or indirect distribution strategies. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is 'price realization' improvement considered highly impactful on a company's bottom line?

<p>It has a highly leveraged effect on net income. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In pricing strategy, 'perceived value' (PV) primarily sets:

<p>The upper bound for pricing based on customer willingness to pay. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'true economic value' (TEV) calculation take into account beyond just the price of the next best alternative?

<p>The value of performance differential compared to the next best alternative. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of price customization generally practiced?

<p>Pricing based on competitor pricing. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Price sensitivity typically increases when:

<p>Quality can be easily judged without price. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Levitt, what is a crucial aspect of customer retention?

<p>Recognizing that the act of buying changes the buyer's expectations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'buyer stickiness' in marketing?

<p>Resistance of customers to easily switch between suppliers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Churn' in marketing is best defined as:

<p>A measure of customer attrition or loss. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Coolhunting' as a marketing term refers to:

<p>Observing and predicting cultural and trend changes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A 'product line' in marketing terms is:

<p>A group of products closely related in use and production. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In marketing, a 'push strategy' primarily aims to:

<p>Incentivize intermediaries to actively sell and promote the product. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate goal of 'targeting' in the STP process?

<p>To select specific customer segments to focus marketing efforts on. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of marketing strategy, how does 'context analysis' within the 5Cs framework primarily enhance decision-making?

<p>By revealing broader external factors like cultural, technological, and regulatory influences. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a company decides to implement a 'pull' promotional strategy, which of the following marketing activities would be most emphasized?

<p>Focusing on advertising and brand building to create strong consumer demand. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Within Shapiro's 'three degrees of interaction' in the marketing mix, what distinguishes 'integration' from 'consistency of mix elements'?

<p>'Consistency' is the minimum standard of a good fit, while 'integration' involves elements working together to maximize value creation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of 'customer analysis', why is understanding the 'decision-making process' (DMP) crucial after identifying the 'decision-making unit' (DMU)?

<p>Because the DMP reveals the specific steps and criteria the DMU uses to make purchasing decisions, informing marketing strategies. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the concept of 'true economic value' (TEV) differ from 'perceived value' (PV) in pricing strategy?

<p>TEV is the maximum price a customer might consider based on alternatives and differential value, whereas PV is what they believe the product is worth. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best illustrates 'price customization' based on 'buyer characteristics'?

<p>Giving senior citizen discounts at movie theaters. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary strategic advantage for a company that successfully develops a 'core competency'?

<p>It provides a sustainable basis for creating perceived customer value that is difficult for competitors to replicate. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of distribution channels, what does 'channel design' primarily address for a manufacturing company?

<p>The strategic decision of whether to sell directly to consumers or through intermediaries, and if so, which types. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the reading, what is a key consideration for companies regarding 'context analysis' due to the dynamic nature of the marketing environment?

<p>Context analysis needs to be an ongoing process to monitor cultural, technological, and regulatory shifts that could impact marketing strategies. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Within the '6 Ms' of promotion planning, how does defining the 'Mission' directly influence the subsequent steps in developing a communications strategy?

<p>The 'Mission' sets the objective of the communication, guiding the selection of 'Message', 'Media', and 'Measurement' to achieve that objective. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Marketing Strategy Formation

Setting overall long-term goals and approach to the marketplace, involving choices of customer groups, wants, and value creation.

Programming, allocating, and budgeting

Setting near-term objectives and detailed plans, including resource allocation for necessary activities, typically done yearly.

Analysis and Research

Gathering data from inside and outside the company to support the action steps (steps 1 to 4).

Five Cs Analysis

Analysis of customer behavior, the company's skills and assets, collaborators, competition, and the broader context.

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Aspiration Decision

Decisions about what the company hopes to achieve in the market, involving segmenting, targeting, and positioning (STP).

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Action Plan Decision

Decision involving the 4 Ps (product, promotion, place, and price) to create and capture value.

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Segmentation

Dividing a broad market into subsets of customers with common needs or characteristics.

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Targeting

Selecting specific customer segments to whom a company wishes to sell products or services.

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Product Decisions

The product or service offered itself is the centerpiece of the marketing mix decision.

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Promotion Decisions

How organizations communicate with potential customers about product positioning.

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Place Decisions

Distribution channels, or where and how an organization decides to go to market.

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Price

Value creating, communicating, and delivering value to potential customers.

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Buyer Stickiness

Resistance of customers to switching easily between one supplier of a good or service to another.

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Churn

Measure of customer attrition (100% minus the customer retention percentage rate).

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Coolhunting

Observing and predicting the emergence of and changes in cultural trends.

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Positioning

Defining a value proposition for the target segments and how to differentiate from others.

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Product Line

Group of products manufactured by a firm that are closely related in use and in production and marketing requirements.

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Pull strategy

Strategy where the customer seeks out the brand with advertisments.

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Push strategy

Strategy where the customer aware of a brand at the point of purchse via tactics.

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